Body Structure & Function unit 2 test

mening/o

meninges

men/o

menses, menstruation

muc/o

mucus

myel/o

spinal cord, bone marrow

my/o

muscle

myring/o

tympanic membrane (eardrum)

nas/o

nose

necr/o

death

nephr/o

kidney

neur/o

nerve

noct/o

night

odont

tooth

oophor/o

ovary

ophthalm/o

eye

orchi

testis

os/o

mouth

oste/o

bone

ot/o

ear

oid

resembling

-oma

tumor

opia

vision

-osis

abnormal condition

-pathy

disease

pause

cessation

penia

decrease

pepsia

digestion

-pexy

fixation

macro

large

micro

small

neo

new

para

beside, near around

it

left

LVN

licensed vocational nurse

LUQ

left upper quadrant

MDRO

Multidrug-resistant organism

MDS

minimum data set

meds

medications

mg

miligram

MI

myocardial infarction (heart attack)

min

minute

mL

milliliter

mm

millimeter

MRSA

methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus

MS

multiple sclerosis

MSD

Musculoskeletal disorder

NA

nursing assistant

NB

newborn

neg

negative

NG

nasogastric

NIDDM

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

nil

none

no

number

noc/noct

night

NPO npo

nothing by mouth

N&V

nausea and vomiting

O2

Oxygen

OB

obstetrics

OCD

obsessive compulsive disorder

OJ

orange juice

OOB

out of bed

O

oral

OR

operating room

OSHA

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

OT

occupational therapy

oz

ounce

PACU

post anesthesia care unit

Sensory System

The system that allows us to experience the world around us through sight, hearing, taste, smell, and touch, while helping protect us from harm.

Tactile Nerves

Nerves located in the skin responsible for perceiving touch.

Deep Touch Nerves

Nerves in the skin that sense pressure and prompt us to move positions.

Referred Pain

Radiating pain felt in a location different from the actual source of the pain, such as left arm pain during a heart attack.

Phantom Pain

A sensation of pain felt in a limb that has been amputated.

Tastebuds

Receptors located on the tongue responsible for detecting sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami tastes.

Umami

The savory taste flavor detected by tastebuds on the tongue.

Chemoreceptors

Sensory receptors for taste and smell in the nasal cavity and tongue that decrease with age, leading to reduced appetite.

Sclera

The tough outer layer of tissue of the eye, commonly known as the white of the eye.

Cornea

The clear part in the front of the eye that allows light to pass through.

Choroid

The middle layer of tissue in the eye containing blood vessels that supply nutrients.

Ciliary Body

Tiny muscles attached to the lens within the choroid layer that change the shape of the lens to allow the eye to focus.

Iris

The colored part of the eye that controls the amount of light entering through its central opening, the pupil.

Pupil

The opening in the center of the iris through which light enters the eye.

Retina

The innermost tissue layer of the eye containing rods and cones that convert light into nerve impulses.

Rods and Cones

Sensory receptors located in the retina that convert light into nerve impulses.

Optic Nerve

The nerve that transmits nerve impulses from the retina to the brain for visual interpretation.

Anterior Chamber

The fluid-filled chamber of the eye located between the cornea and the lens containing aqueous humor.

Aqueous Humor

The fluid contained within the anterior chamber of the eye.

Posterior Chamber

The fluid-filled chamber of the eye located between the lens and the retina containing vitreous humor.

Vitreous Humor

The fluid in the posterior chamber of the eye that gives the eyeball its shape.

Myopia

A vision defect commonly referred to as nearsightedness.

Hyperopia

A vision defect commonly referred to as farsightedness.

Astigmatism

A vision defect that causes blurred vision.

Presbyopia

An age-related condition where the eye lens becomes less flexible, preventing focus on close objects.

Conjunctivitis

Infection or inflammation of the conjunctiva, causing red sclera, itching, burning, excessive tearing, and sticky white or yellow discharge (pink eye).

Cataracts

Yellowing and hardening of the eye lens that prevents light from entering, leading to cloudy vision and potential blindness.

Glaucoma

An eye condition where pressure in the anterior chamber increases because aqueous humor is not properly absorbed, eventually destroying the retina.

Macular Degeneration

An eye condition caused by protein deposits or blood vessel development on the macula, damaging receptors and central vision.

Macula

The central part of the retina affected in macular degeneration where protein deposits or blood vessels build up.

Prosthetic Eye

A curved disc made of ceramic or plastic fitted underneath the eyelids to replace a missing eye.

Pinna

The outer ear structure, also known as the auricle, that collects sound waves and directs them down the canal to the eardrum.

External Auditory Canal

The passage in the outer ear lined with small hairs and glands that secretes cerumen to trap dirt and particles.

Cerumen

Earwax secreted by glands in the external auditory canal to protect the canal by trapping dirt and particles.