CCMA Mod 2 Diseases of the Urinary System

acute renal failure sx

decreased urine output, fluid retention, fatigue, shortness of breath, confusion, nausea

acute renal failure etiology

direct damage to the kidneys or other causes leading to a sudden change where the kidneys can no longer filter blood effectively, leading to dangerous levels of toxic waste in the body

acute renal failure dx

observation of urine output, blood tests, urinalysis, other imaging

acute renal failure tx

correcting the underlying cause, hemodialysis in the setting of severe disease

chronic renal failure sx

no symptoms to high blood pressure, feeling generally ill and fatigued

chronic renal failure etiology

chronic and progressive disease in which the kidneys cannot adequately filter blood due to many potential factors including diabetes, high blood pressure and glomerulonephritis

chronic renal failure dx

blood test

chronic renal failure tx

controlling blood pressure, if progresses far enough then hemodialysis

renal calculi (kidney stones) sx

severe episodes of back and side pain, pain with urination, dark or foul smelling urine, nausea, frequent urination, fever, chills

renal calculi etiology

hard crystalline deposits forming in the urine due to abnormally high levels of certain substances in the body

renal calculi dx

blood tests, urine tests, imaging

renal calculi tx

drinking water, pain relievers, shock wave therapy in the form of lithotripsy to help break down and flush out the stones through urination

urinary incontinence sx

leakage of urine

urinary incontinence etiology

loss of bladder control leading to leakage of urine, sometimes triggered by coughing, lifting or sneezing

urinary incontinence dx

urinalysis, medical history, physical examination

urinary incontinence tx

kegel exercises to strengthen muscles that control the bladder, surgery (bladder sling)

urinary tract infection sx

persistent urge to urinate, burning with urination, strong smelling cloudy urine, pelvic or flank pain

urinary tract infection etiology

infection in the urinary system most commonly caused by e.coli

urinary tract infection dx

urinalysis, urine cultures, imaging

urinary tract infection tx

antibiotics