Untitled Flashcards Set

Blood

Transports oxygen, waste, and hormones, regulates body temperature, pH, and fluid volume, and prevents infection and blood loss.

Formed elements

Suspended cells in blood.

Plasma

Fluid matrix of blood, consisting of 55% plasma, 1% white blood cells, and 44% red blood cells.

Hematocrit

The percentage of red blood cells in blood.

Albumin

A protein that regulates osmosis between blood and tissues.

Globins

Proteins that transport substances to fight infections.

Fibrinogen

A protein used in blood clotting.

Homeostasis

The regulation of plasma composition.

RBC function

Transport oxygen around the body via hemoglobin molecules.

Diapedesis

The process by which white blood cells pass out of the blood.

Granulocytes

A type of white blood cell that includes neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils.

Neutrophils

Granulocytes that engulf and destroy bacteria.

Basophils

Granulocytes that dilate blood vessels to help white blood cells reach allergens faster.

Eosinophils

Granulocytes that kill parasitic worms in food.

Agranulocytes

A type of white blood cell that includes lymphocytes and monocytes.

Lymphocytes

Agranulocytes that include T-cells and B-cells.

Monocytes

Agranulocytes that become macrophages.

Platelets

Cell fragments that help clot the blood when a vessel is broken.

Hemocytoblasts

Stem cells from which all formed elements arise.

Erythropoietin

Hormone responsible for red blood cell production.

CSF

Colony-stimulating factors that promote white blood cell production.

Thrombopoietin

Hormone responsible for platelet production.

Thrombin

Thrombin + Fibrinogen= Fibrin mesh

Antigen

Substance recognized by the immune system as foreign.

Agglutination

Clumping of blood when antibodies bind to antigens.

O blood type

Can donate to all blood types.

A blood type

Can donate to A and AB blood types.

B blood type

Can donate to B and AB blood types.

AB blood type

Can only donate to AB blood type.

Rh antibodies

Antibodies that are not produced immediately after birth.

Fibrous pericardium

Outer covering of the heart that provides protection and anchors the heart in place.

Parietal pericardium

A layer of the pericardium that lubricates and reduces friction.

Visceral pericardium

A layer of the pericardium that lubricates and reduces friction.

Epicardium

Outer layer of the heart wall.

Myocardium

Middle muscular layer of the heart wall.

Endocardium

Inner layer of the heart wall.

Pulmonary circuit

Carries blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and drop off carbon dioxide.

Systemic circuit

Carries blood to body tissues to drop off oxygen and pick up carbon dioxide.

Four chambers of the heart

Right atrium, left atrium, right ventricle, and left ventricle.

Oxygenated blood

Blood in the left atrium and left ventricle.

Deoxygenated blood

Blood in the right atrium and right ventricle.

Auricles

Covers the atria of the heart.

AV valves

Valves between the atria and ventricles (tricuspid and bicuspid valves).

Semilunar valves

Valves between the ventricles and major blood vessels (pulmonary and aortic valves).

SA node

The cardiac pacemaker that initiates the heartbeat.

Diastole

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle relaxes.

Systole

The phase of the heartbeat when the heart muscle contracts.

Cardiac output

Amount of blood pumped by each ventricle per minute.

Stroke volume

Blood pumped out by a ventricle in a single heartbeat.

Heart rate

Number of times the heart beats per minute.

3 layers of arteries

tunica intima, tunica media, and tunica externa.

Veins maintain blood pressure by…

Muscular pumping, Respiratory pumping, valves

Two portions of capillary

Shunt: Shortcut to vein, True Capillary: detour around the shunt

Abnormal clot

=thrombus

Abnormal clot through the blood

embous