Nucleotides: Cell level systems: Biology: GCSE (9:1)

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16 Terms

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DNA

Chemical molecules found in every living organism that hold instructions for growth and development

<p>Chemical molecules found in every living organism that hold instructions for growth and development</p>
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Gene

A small section of DNA that controls a specific characteristic by coding for a specific protein

<p>A small section of DNA that controls a specific characteristic by coding for a specific protein</p>
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Polymer

A material such as DNA that is made of very large molecules that are composed of many smaller repeating subunits

<p>A material such as DNA that is made of very large molecules that are composed of many smaller repeating subunits</p>
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Monomer

A small repeating unit of a polymer such as the nucleotides that make up a DNA polymer

<p>A small repeating unit of a polymer such as the nucleotides that make up a DNA polymer</p>
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Double helix

The structure of DNA where two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder

<p>The structure of DNA where two strands of DNA wind around each other like a twisted ladder</p>
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Nucleotide

A small structural unit of DNA, composed of a common sugar and phosphate group with one of four different bases attached to the sugar

<p>A small structural unit of DNA, composed of a common sugar and phosphate group with one of four different bases attached to the sugar</p>
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Bases

A specific organic section of a nucleotide that contains nitrogen, there are four different types of bases in a DNA polymer

<p>A specific organic section of a nucleotide that contains nitrogen, there are four different types of bases in a DNA polymer</p>
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C, G, A and T

The letters that represent the four different types of bases found on a strand of DNA

<p>The letters that represent the four different types of bases found on a strand of DNA</p>
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Sugar in DNA

Also called deoxyribose sugar, the sugar joins with a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group to make a nucleotide

<p>Also called deoxyribose sugar, the sugar joins with a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group to make a nucleotide</p>
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Phosphate group

Makes up the backbone of the DNA structure by joining with the sugar group in an alternating sequence

<p>Makes up the backbone of the DNA structure by joining with the sugar group in an alternating sequence</p>
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Repeating nucleotides

The DNA polymer is made up of repeating nucleotide units with different arrangements of the bases C, G, A and T

<p>The DNA polymer is made up of repeating nucleotide units with different arrangements of the bases C, G, A and T</p>
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Sugar-phosphate backbone

An important structural component of the DNA strands, made up of alternating sugar and phosphate sections

<p>An important structural component of the DNA strands, made up of alternating sugar and phosphate sections</p>
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Complementary base pairs

The bases found on one strand of DNA must pair with specific bases on the other DNA strand, so that the strands can be held together

<p>The bases found on one strand of DNA must pair with specific bases on the other DNA strand, so that the strands can be held together</p>
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Complementary strands

A DNA molecule is made of two strands that are held together by the bonds between complementary base pairs

<p>A DNA molecule is made of two strands that are held together by the bonds between complementary base pairs</p>
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C

A base that is complementary to G, it will not pair up with A or T on the complementary strand

<p>A base that is complementary to G, it will not pair up with A or T on the complementary strand</p>
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A

A base that is complementary to T, it will not pair up with a C or G on the complementary strand

<p>A base that is complementary to T, it will not pair up with a C or G on the complementary strand</p>