Exam 2 - Ethics

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What does Singer believe those who live in relatively affluent countries have a duty to sacrifice to protect people in poor countries from preventable evils?

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as much as they can afford without sacrificing something of comparable moral worth to what the poor are lacking

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What does Singer say in response to the objection that his position requires too drastic a revision of our current moral values?

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However radical, the conclusion should stand until its premises are rejected or the argument is shown to be unsound.

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23 Terms

1
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What does Singer believe those who live in relatively affluent countries have a duty to sacrifice to protect people in poor countries from preventable evils?

as much as they can afford without sacrificing something of comparable moral worth to what the poor are lacking

2
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What does Singer say in response to the objection that his position requires too drastic a revision of our current moral values?

However radical, the conclusion should stand until its premises are rejected or the argument is shown to be unsound.

3
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Singer believes that our duties to those who live on the other side of the world are equal to our duties to our neighbors.

True

4
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Timmerman argues that his Drowning Children case:

blocks the inference Singer makes from the intuition in Drowning Child.

gives us positive reason to reject Singer’s central claim.

both A and B.

5
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Timmerman claims Singer’s Drowning Child case is deceptive because the implicit assumption is that

it is an anomalous event.

6
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Timmerman claims that his thought experiment

is superior to Singer’s because it better reflects our actual circumstances.

7
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In the story cited by Rachels, Abraham Lincoln claims to have acted selfishly in helping some pigs who had fallen in the mud because:

he would have lost his peace of mind if he hadn’t helped the pigs.

8
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An ethical egoist argues that:

we are under no obligation to do anything except what is in our own interests.

9
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How does Mill define happiness?

pleasure and the absence of pain

10
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Mill argues that all pleasures are qualitatively the same.

False

11
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According to Mill, moral rules admit of no exceptions.

True

12
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The Formula of the End in Itself requires that one must:

treat all rational agents as ends in themselves.

13
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The term “maxim” in Kant refers to:

the principle underlying a decision to act in a particular way.

14
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To avoid doing wrong, Kant thinks we should act to promote the happiness of as many people as possible.

False

15
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According to Kant, for an action to be moral, the principle motivating it must be

universalizable.

16
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According to Kant, the only thing that can be called good without qualification is an excellent quality of temperament.

False

17
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Kant claims that an action is morally good only if

it conforms to the moral law.

it is done for the sake of the moral law.

both A and B.

18
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According to Held, the central focus of the ethics of care is

attending to and meeting the needs of the particular others for whom we take responsibility.

19
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Held understands care as

both a value and a practice.

20
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According to the ethics of care, someone in a genuinely caring relation acts

for self-and-other together.

21
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Driver notes that sometimes to decide what to do we first:

consider how we ought to be.

22
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The doctrine of the mean holds that

virtue is a mean state—that it lies between two opposed vices.

23
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To possess a virtue, one must

have a certain stable character trait.