Lecture 15 BIO120

Homeostasis in animals refers to __________.

The regulation of internal conditions to maintain a stable state.

Poikilotherms lack physiological means to __________.

deviate from environmental temperature.

The principle that organisms exhibit a variety of ________________ to adapt to environmental challenges is a key idea in physiological ecology.

physiological solutions

Thermal ecology emphasizes the importance of modes of heat __________ and __________.

gain; loss

Bergmann’s rule states that homeotherms tend to be __________ at higher latitudes.

larger

__________ are animals that tend to have smaller appendages at higher colder latitudes according to Allen's rule.

Homeotherms

The mechanism that allows animals to cool themselves efficiently from wet surfaces is known as __________.

Evaporation

Size matters in heat balance, with surface area determining __________ and volume providing __________.

equilibration rate; inertia

The ability of animals to tolerate extreme temperatures is often influenced by their __________ variation.

seasonal temperature

A phenomenon called __________ evolution explains how different taxa can develop similar adaptations in comparable environments.

convergent

The __________ of weasels illustrates the trade-off between being an effective predator and thermal stress.

body shape

The concept that fitness gains may offset the costs associated with a costly metabolism in weasels relates to __________ and __________.

trade-offs; adaptive compromises

Insulation is important for maintaining body temperature; examples include fur on __________ and blubber on __________.

muskoxen; seals

The role of __________ in cooling is significant, as it can be achieved through behaviors like sweating or licking paws.

evaporative cooling

Jennifer Sunday's research at McGill indicates that temperate animals can withstand __________ temperature ranges than tropical animals.

wider

The __________ system in animals is key for redistributing heat among body parts.

circulatory

Physiological ecology, or ecophysiology, is the study of physiology in the context of an organism’s __________.

ecology

Two reasons why natural selection produces imperfect organisms are trade-offs and __________.

constraints