Bio quiz ch 17.1 & 17.3

Classification

Grouping of objects or organisms based on a set of criteria

Aristotles system

First widely accepted classification system developed

Plants or animals

Aristotle system classified organisms as….

Red blooded and bloodless

Animals were divided into

Size and structure

Plants divided by average….

Linnaean system

First formal system of taxonomy

Taxonomy

The discipline of identifying, naming, and classifying organisms

Binomial nomenclature

Gives each species a specific name with two parts

Genus name

First part of binomial nomenclature is

Specific name

2nd part of binomial nomenclature

Capitalized

The first letter of the genus name always is…

Lowercase

The rest of the genus name and all the letters of the specific name, are always….

Italicized

If a scientific name is written in a printed book or magazine, it should be….

Underlined

When a scientific name is written by hand, both parts of the name should b ….

Broadest to most specific

Each category is arranged from

Taxon

Named group organisms

Genus

Group of species that are closely related and share a common ancestor

Family

Is the next higher taxon, consisting of similar, related genus

Order

Contains related families

Class

Contains related orders

Phylum

Division contains related classes

Kingdom

Contains related phyla

Domain

Is the broadest of all the taxation and contains one or more kingdoms

Systematic

Taxonomy is part of a larger branch of biology

Evolutionary history

Systematics is the study of biological diversity with an emphasis

Dichotomous key

Provide a series of choices between alternate characteristics, users can identify organisms they encounter

Species concept

Based on the idea that species are unchanging, distinct, and natural types

Able to interbreed and produce fertile organisms in a natural setting

The biological specifies concept defines a species as a group of organisms that is…

Phylogeny

Evolutionary history of a species

Pattern of ancestry

Phylogenetic species shows evidence of a pattern of…

Characters

Inherited features that vary among species

Morphological or biochemical

Characters can be…

Birds & dinosaurs

Shared morphological characters suggest that species are related closely and evolved from recent common ancestor

Amino acids & nucleotides

Scientists use biochemical characters, such as ______________ to help them determine evolutionary relationships among species

DNA and RNA

Analyses are powerful tools for reconstructing phylogenies

Molecular clock

Model that is used to estimate the amount of time it has taken for species to evolve from a common ancestor

Cladistics

Classifies organisms based on the order that they diverged from a common ancestor

Ancestor characters

Are found within the entire line of descent of a group of organisms

Derived characters

Are only found after a split from the descendent line

Cladogram (family tree)

A branching diagram that represents a proposed phylogeny of a species or group

Clade

One branch of a cladogram

Compare to an outgroup

Groups of interest need to be ____________ which has more ancestral characteristics

The more recently the groups shared a common ancestor

The more derived characteristics two groups share

The tree of life

Darwin used an analogy of a tree to suggest that all species developed from one or a few species

Taxonomy ranking system

(Big)Domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species