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How did WWI come to an end?
Germany signed an armistice with its allies
What happened after Germany's military defeat?
their military was reduced, and they were forced to pay reparations
How was the final settlement of WWI established?
Treaty of Versailles
What did Wilson hope to accomplish with the League of Nations?
nations was protect each other, armies would be reduced, ending of secret treaties
What led the Russian people to become more upset with the czar regime?
military and economic missteps
Who stepped down, ending the 300-year old Romanov dynasty?
Nicholas II
Who created a temporary government to replace Nicholas II?
the duma
Who challenged the temporary government?
the soviets and councils of workers and soldiers
Who led the Bolsheviks?
Vladimir Lenin
What did the Bolsheviks do?
they seized power and killed the czar and his family in a revolution to destroy capitalism
What did the Bolsheviks promise to do after the revolution?
distribute land to the peasants, and to give factories to committees of workers
What were the Cheka?
Lenin's secret police
What was the Red Terror?
When Bolshevik Communists purged political rivals
Triple Entente
Britain, France, Russia
Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
Conscription
A military draft
mobilization
the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war
Schlieffen Plan
Strategy for Germany to mobilize against France and Russia at the same time
How did industrialization affect the growth of the military in the nations of Europe?
It caused nations to desire a bigger military presence
War of Attrition
A war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses
Total War
the channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort
planned economy
an economic system directed by government agencies
What did trench warfare cause?
stalemate on the Western Front
How did imperialism contribute to the widening of WWI?
more allies, more weapons
What did the Irish, the Poles, and Slavic minorities in the Balkans and Austria-Hungary have in common?
they were ethnic groups without states of their own
Who was assassinated during a visit to Sarajevo in Bosnia?
Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophia
Why did Austria-Hungary seek German support before invading Bosnia?
They thought that Russia was going to intervene on Serbia's behalf
Who ordered mobilization of troops, knowing that it would be considered an act of war?
Czar Nicholas II
What nation started World War I, and what two nations escalated the conflict?
Austria-Hungary, Germany Russia and France escalated it
What factors led to World War I?
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism
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Flashcard (81)