HTWH Chapter 27

How did WWI come to an end?

Germany signed an armistice with its allies

What happened after Germany's military defeat?

their military was reduced, and they were forced to pay reparations

How was the final settlement of WWI established?

Treaty of Versailles

What did Wilson hope to accomplish with the League of Nations?

nations was protect each other, armies would be reduced, ending of secret treaties

What led the Russian people to become more upset with the czar regime?

military and economic missteps

Who stepped down, ending the 300-year old Romanov dynasty?

Nicholas II

Who created a temporary government to replace Nicholas II?

the duma

Who challenged the temporary government?

the soviets and councils of workers and soldiers

Who led the Bolsheviks?

Vladimir Lenin

What did the Bolsheviks do?

they seized power and killed the czar and his family in a revolution to destroy capitalism

What did the Bolsheviks promise to do after the revolution?

distribute land to the peasants, and to give factories to committees of workers

What were the Cheka?

Lenin's secret police

What was the Red Terror?

When Bolshevik Communists purged political rivals

Triple Entente

Britain, France, Russia

Triple Alliance

Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy

Conscription

A military draft

mobilization

the process of assembling troops and supplies and making them ready for war

Schlieffen Plan

Strategy for Germany to mobilize against France and Russia at the same time

How did industrialization affect the growth of the military in the nations of Europe?

It caused nations to desire a bigger military presence

War of Attrition

A war based on wearing the other side down by constant attacks and heavy losses

Total War

the channeling of a nation's entire resources into a war effort

planned economy

an economic system directed by government agencies

What did trench warfare cause?

stalemate on the Western Front

How did imperialism contribute to the widening of WWI?

more allies, more weapons

What did the Irish, the Poles, and Slavic minorities in the Balkans and Austria-Hungary have in common?

they were ethnic groups without states of their own

Who was assassinated during a visit to Sarajevo in Bosnia?

Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife Sophia

Why did Austria-Hungary seek German support before invading Bosnia?

They thought that Russia was going to intervene on Serbia's behalf

Who ordered mobilization of troops, knowing that it would be considered an act of war?

Czar Nicholas II

What nation started World War I, and what two nations escalated the conflict?

Austria-Hungary, Germany Russia and France escalated it

What factors led to World War I?

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism