Social Psych

AP Psych

Peripheral Route

A method of persuasion that involves appealing to emotions, habits, or superficial aspects rather than to logic or reason.

Persuasion

The process of intentionally influencing beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors of others.

Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

A tendency where people are more likely to agree to a large request after agreeing to a small one.

Stereotype

A widely held, oversimplified, and often inaccurate belief about a particular group of people.

Discrimination

Unfair treatment or behavior toward a person or group based on certain characteristics, such as race, gender, or age.

Prejudice

Negative attitudes or beliefs held about individuals or groups based on stereotypes.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy

A prediction or expectation that directly or indirectly causes itself to become true.

Attribution Theory

The study of how people interpret and explain the causes of events or behaviors.

Groupthink

A phenomenon where the desire for harmony or conformity in a group results in an irrational or dysfunctional decision-making outcome.

Fundamental Attribution Error

The tendency to overemphasize internal characteristics and underestimate external factors when explaining the behavior of others.

Norm

A standard or expectation within a group regarding what is appropriate behavior.

Central Route Persuasion

A method of persuasion that involves presenting factual information and logical arguments to change attitudes or behaviors.

Social Facilitation

The tendency for people to perform better on simple tasks when in the presence of others.

Social Loafing

The tendency for people to exert less effort when working collectively on a task than when working individually.

Deindividuation

A state of reduced self-awareness and inhibition that can occur in group situations, leading to impulsive or deviant behavior.

Role

The expected behavior, rights, and obligations associated with a particular status or position in society.

Cognitive Dissonance Theory

The theory that individuals experience discomfort or tension when their beliefs or attitudes are inconsistent with their actions, leading them to change their attitudes or behaviors to reduce this discomfort.

Conformity

Adjusting one's behavior or beliefs to match those of others in a group.

Normative Social Influence

Conforming to group norms in order to fit in or gain approval.

Ingroup Bias

A tendency to favor members of one's own group over those of other groups.

Just-World Phenomenon

The belief that people get what they deserve and deserve what they get, leading to blaming victims of misfortune for their circumstances.

Scapegoat Theory

The tendency to blame an outgroup or individual for one's own frustrations or difficulties.

Mirror-Image Perceptions

Mutual views held by conflicting parties, where each side sees itself as moral and the other as immoral.

Frustration-Aggression Principle

The theory that frustration can lead to aggression.

Mere-Exposure Effect

The phenomenon where people tend to develop a preference for things they are exposed to repeatedly.

Equity

The distribution of resources or rewards in a fair and impartial manner.

Self-Disclosure

The act of revealing personal information about oneself to others.

Altruism

Behavior that is motivated by concern for the well-being of others, without regard for one's own self-interest.

Bystander Effect

The phenomenon where individuals are less likely to offer help to a victim when other people are present.

Social Exchange Theory

The theory that people's social interactions are based on maximizing rewards and minimizing costs.

Reciprocity Norm

An expectation that people will respond favorably to each other by returning benefits for benefits received.

Social Trap

A situation in which individuals or groups are drawn toward immediate rewards that later prove to have negative consequences for the group as a whole.

Aggression

Behavior intended to harm or injure another person.

Culture

The shared values, beliefs, norms, and behaviors of a group of people.

Superordinate Goals

Common goals that require the cooperation of individuals or groups who may have conflicting interests.