Getting Started Questions

NAME TWO OF THE FIVE STEPS OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD

Observation; Hypothesis

__________ IS AN UNPROVEN CONCLUSION THAT ATTEMPTS TO EXPLAIN SOME PHENOMENA USUALLY IN THE FORM OF A QUESTION/TESTABLE/ AND BASED ON MEASURABLE DESCRIBABLE FACTS

Hypothesis — an unproven conclusion in the form of a statement, guess or hunch; it must be testable and based on facts.

__________ IS A LOGICAL, PRACTICAL, AND RELIABLE WAY OF APPROACHING AND SOLVING PROBLEMS TO GAIN KNOWLEDGE, IT COMPRISES 5 MAJOR STEPS

Scientific Method — the systematic and empirical approach used by scientists to investigate natural phenomena.

__________ OBSERVATIONS ARE MADE USING THE SENSES (HEARING, TASTING, SEEING, SMELLING, TOUCHING)

Qualitative observations — data found using the senses.

__________ OBSERVATIONS ARE BASED ON PRECISE MEASUREMENTS, EXAMPLES ARE VOLUME, MASS, SIZE.

Quantitative observations — data found using a variety of scientific measuring equipment.

__________ IS A PROCEDURE DESIGNED TO DESCRIBE THE FACTORS IN A GIVEN SITUATION THAT AFFECT ONE ANOTHER (TO DISCOVER A CAUSE AND EFFECT) UNDER CERTAIN CIRCUMSTANCES

Experiment — a procedure used to describe cause and effect under given conditions.

A __________ IS ANY FACTOR THAT MIGHT AFFECT THE OUTCOME OF THE EXPERIMENT

Variable — any factor that might affect the outcome of an experiment.

THE __________ VARIABLE IS MANIPULATED BY THE EXPERIMENTER TO DETERMINE EFFECT ON THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Independent variable — a factor that the experimenter changes.

THE __________ VARIABLE CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO CHANGES MADE TO THE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE

Dependent variable — factors that change because of the independent variable.

A __________ IS A NORMAL STANDARD AGAINST WHICH ALL OTHER SAMPLES ARE COMPARED RELATIVE TO THE DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Control — how a sample or system works under normal circumstances when independent variables are not manipulated.

THE __________ IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE HIGHEST AND LOWEST NUMBERS OBTAINED IN A SAMPLE

Range — highest value minus lowest value.

THE __________ IS THE SUM OF THE ITEMS DIVIDED THE NUMBER OF ITEMS

Average/mean — the sum of items divided by the number of items.

A FOCUS FOR INVESTIGATION IS CALLED THE __________

Problem.

THE __________ IS AN ARBITRARY SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT BASED ON UNITS OF TENS

Metric system — a non-varying system of measurements based on tens.

A __________ IS A LINE CONNECTING THE PLOT POINTS OF THE INDEPENDENT AND DEPENDENT VARIABLES ON AN X AND Y AXIS.

Curve — a line connecting dots of data on a graph.

A __________ IS A HYPOTHESIS THAT HAS BEEN VALIDATED BY MANY DIFFERENT INVESTIGATORS

Theory — a hypothesis validated many different times.

A __________ IS A THEORY THAT HAS BEEN REPEATEDLY VERIFIED AND APPEARS TO HAVE WIDE APPLICATION IN BIOLOGY

Biological Principle — a theory that is verified and used widely.

GIVE TWO OF THE PARTS OF A LAB REPORT

Introduction; Materials and Methods.

GIVE THE METRIC UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR LENGTH

Meter (m).

GIVE THE METRIC UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR VOLUME

Liter (L).

GIVE THE METRIC UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR MASS

Gram (g).

GIVE THE METRIC UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR TIME

Second (s).

GIVE THE METRIC UNIT OF MEASUREMENT FOR TEMPERATURE

Degree Celsius (°C).

GIVE THE EQUATION FOR FINDING CELSIUS DEGREES WHEN GIVEN FAHRENHEIT DEGREES

°C = (5/9)(°F − 32).

GIVE THE EQUATION FOR FINDING FAHRENHEIT DEGREES WHEN GIVEN CELSIUS DEGREES

°F = (9/5)(°C) + 32.

AN OBJECT'S __________ IS THE AMOUNT OF MATTER IN AN OBJECT

Mass — the amount of matter in an object.

THE __________ OF AN OBJECT VARIES WITH GRAVITATIONAL PULL ON THE OBJECT

Weight — varies due to gravitational force acting on mass.

WHAT IS THE ENGLISH / BRITISH UNIT OF TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT?

Celcius

NAME TWO OF THE CRITERION THAT MUST BE USED FOR THE STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESIS

Testable; based on facts.

NAME ONE TYPE OF ELEMENTARY TREATMENT OF DATA USED IN THE LAB

Mean (average).

__________ IS AN IMPORTANT PART OF THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD AND IS THE PRIMARY BASIS FOR SUPPORT OF REJECTION OF MANY HYPOTHESIS

Observation.

FROM THE LATIN "FOR 100", __________ MEANS PARTS PER 100 PARTS

Percent — number of items per 100.

WHICH VARIABLE, DEPENDENT OR INDEPENDENT, IS FOUND / PLACED ON THE X-AXIS

Independent variable.

WHICH VARIABLE, DEPENDENT OR INDEPENDENT, IS FOUND/ PLACED ON THE Y-AXIS

Dependent variable.

GIVE ONE OF THE TWO CONCLUSIONS / RESULTS THAT ARE OBTAINED BY A VALID / CORRECT HYPOTHESIS THAT HAS BEEN USED AND VALIDATED BY MANY INVESTIGATORS

Theory / Biological Principle