V3: Forgetting and Studying

J. Duvall - AP Psychology

Forgetting Curve

Rapid retention then levels off with time.

Tip-of-the-tongue Phenomenon

Trying to retrieve a memory of a specific word or name but not being able to do so.

Levels of Processing Theory

Better retention = deep processing (meaning based) - compared to shallow processing (appearance based).

Maintenance Rehearsal

Repeating items over and over (short-term memory).

Elaborative Rehearsal

Linking new information to old information.

Interference

Confusing information that is similar to each other.

Amnesia

Rare, caused by brain damage. Can be permanent or temporary.

Retroactive Interference

Forgetting older information when learning something new.

Proactive Interference

Trouble learning new information because old information is hindering retention.

Retrograde Amnesia

Inability to recall prior memories. More common than anterograde amnesia.

Anterograde Amnesia

Cannot learn/retain new memories. Specifically is caused by a severe injury to the hippocampus.

Source Amnesia

Impaired memory for how/when/where the information was learned.

Constructive Memory

Remembering that involves using general knowledge to construct a more complete and detailed account of an event to fill in any gaps of memory.

Memory Consolidation

As a memory is stored, some details get lost.

Misinformation Effect

Occurs when a person mistakenly incorporates post-event information into their memory. Becomes a big impact on eyewitness testimony.