Chemical Reactions and Water Chemistry Flashcards

A set of vocabulary flashcards based on the lecture transcript covering chemical equations, electrolyte behavior, acid-base definitions, solubility rules, oxidation states, and metal activity.

Aqueous

A term describing a substance dissolved in water, represented by the symbol $(aq)$.

Strong Electrolytes

Compounds that dissociate completely in water to form ions, such as alkali metal salts, strong acids, and strong bases.

Weak Electrolytes

Molecules that dissociate only slightly in water, preferring to remain primarily in a non-dissociated form.

Non-Electrolytes

Polar molecules that are soluble in water but do not form ions, possessing strong covalent bonds.

Bronsted Acid

A substance capable of donating a proton, $H^+$.

Bronsted Base

A substance capable of accepting a proton, $H^+$.

Strong Acids

Acids that are assumed to dissociate completely in water to form $100\%$ $H^+$.

Weak Acids

Acids that do not dissociate completely in water and behave as weak electrolytes, with most of the acid remaining in its uncharged form.

Strong Bases

Bases that dissociate completely in aqueous solution to form hydroxides, $OH^-$ , including Group IA and IIA hydroxides.

Weak Bases

Bases that do not dissociate completely in water, remaining mostly in an uncharged form, such as ammonia ($NH_3$).

Solubility

A measure of the extent to which a substance dissolves when placed in water.

Combustion Reaction

A reaction involving oxygen reacting with a substance (often hydrogen or a hydrocarbon) to produce energy in the form of heat and light.

Oxidation

An algebraic increase in oxidation number as electrons are lost from a compound.

Reduction

An algebraic decrease in oxidation number as electrons are added to a compound.

Redox Reactions

Reactions in which substances undergo changes in oxidation number through the transfer of electrons.

Coinage Metals

Metals including gold, silver, and copper that are hard to ionize and do not dissolve or react in water.

Active Metals

Metals that react with water to become oxidized into cations while reducing water to produce hydrogen gas and making the solution basic.

Displacement Reaction

A reaction in which an active metal displaces a less active metal or hydrogen from a compound based on metal activity.