Upper Limb 1

These flashcards cover key concepts related to the anatomy, bones, joints, and movements of the upper limb, based on the provided lecture notes.

What are the major bones in the shoulder girdle?

Clavicle and Scapula

What is the primary function of the clavicle?

Provides the only upper limb articulation between the appendicular and axial skeletons. Protect underlying neurovasculature.

What are the key features of the clavicle?

Sternal and acromial ends, distinct 'S' curvature, roughened inferior surface.

What is unique about the thumb in relation to the wrist and hand?

The thumb is rotated 90 degrees in relation to the rest of the hand.

What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?

Saddle joint

What are the primary movements at the sternoclavicular joint?

Elevation, depression, protraction, and retraction of the shoulder girdle.

What type of joint is the glenohumeral joint?

Ball and socket joint

How does the anatomical structure of the glenohumeral joint contribute to its stability?

It has a loose joint capsule and supportive features like the glenoid labrum.

What is the significance of the scapular spine?

It provides significant muscle attachment.

What bones make up the forearm?

Ulna and Radius.

What is the role of the interosseous membrane?

Connects the ulna and radius.

What type of joint is the elbow joint?

Hinge joint.

What movement characterizes the proximal and distal radioulnar joints?

Rotational movement allowing pronation and supination of the forearm.

What is pronation in arms?

Pronation in arms refers to the rotation of the forearm that turns the palm downward.

Which bone crosses which in pronation of arms?

The radius crosses over the ulna.

What unique movement occurs at the 1st carpometacarpal joint?

Opposition of the thumb.

What are the types of joints at the fingers?

Metacarpophalangeal joints (Condyloid) and Interphalangeal joints (Hinge).

What distinguishes the metacarpophalangeal joints from interphalangeal joints?

Metacarpophalangeal joints allow movement in 2 planes, while interphalangeal joints allow movement in 1 plane.

What is the function of the rotator cuff?

Stabilizes the shoulder joint and allows for a range of shoulder movements.

What are the key bony landmarks of the humerus?

Head, neck (anatomical and surgical), tubercles, bicipital groove, epicondyles.

What is the anatomical position of the ulna compared to the radius?

The ulna is the medial bone, while the radius is the lateral bone. (palm up)

What is a common injury associated with scaphoid fractures?

Scaphoid fractures can occur from a ‘FOOSH’ injury (fall on outstretched hand).

What is the primary articulation point between the ulna and carpal bones?

The ulnar notch on the radius.

What features distinguish long bones from short bones in the wrist and hand?

Long bones include metacarpals and phalanges, while carpals are considered short bones.

What is the primary feature of the 1st carpometacarpal joint?

It is a saddle joint facilitating the thumb's unique movements.

What relation does the humerus have with the scapula?

The humeral head articulates with the glenoid fossa of the scapula.

How are the phalanges categorized in the hand?

There are three types: distal, middle, and proximal phalanges.

What are the movements available at the elbow joint?

Flexion and extension of the forearm.

Which anatomical landmarks help orientate the humerus?

Tubercles, epicondyles, and the bicipital groove.

What type of joint is the acromioclavicular joint?

Plane joint.

What vital role does the glenoid labrum perform in the shoulder?

It deepens the glenoid cavity to improve stability of the shoulder joint.