Anatomy Lab PA Week 1

____________ back muscles are involved in respiration and movement of the upper extremities.

Extrinsic

______________ back muscles are involved in movement and stabilization of the vertebral column

Intrinsic

What nerve innervates the trapezius muscls?

spinal accessory nerve

Blood is supplied to the trapezius muscle by what artery?

transverse cervical artery

What artery supplies the latissimus dorsi muscle?

thoracodorsal artery

What nerve innervates the latissimus dorsi muscle?

thoracodorsal nerve

The triangle of ausculation is bordered by:

 trapezius muscle, latissimus dorsi muscle, and the medial border of the scapula

The lumbar triangle is bordered by:

latissimus dorsi muscle, external abdominal oblique muscle and iliac crest

Where is CNXI or spinal accessory nerve located?

underneath the trapezius muscle

A multi-layered sheath of connective tissue in the lower back is the ____________

thiracolumbar fascia

What innervates rhomboid major?

dorsal scapular nerve

what supplies blood to the rhomboid major?

dorsal scapular artery

what innervates rhomboid minor?

dorsal scaular nerve

what provides blood to rhomboid minor?

dorsal scapular artery

where are transverse cervical vessels?

underneath the rhomboid major and minor

what innervates the levator scapulae muscle?

dorsal scapular nerve

what supplies blood to the levator scapulae muscle?

dorsal scapular artery

what muscle is located directly UNDER the trapezius and close to the spinal column?

rhomboid major

what muscle is located directly under the trapezius but is more SUPERIOR than rhomboid major on the spinal column

rhomboid minor

what muscle is SUPERIOR to the rhomboid minor and DEEP to the trapezius; it leads up to the side of the neck and forms a more SUPERIOR connection to the medial border of scapula than rhomboid minor?

levator scapulae

what muscle is located DEEP (or beneath) rhomboid muscles and has direct connections to the spinous process of C7 (i.e. like the base of the neck) to T3 and runs downward and outwards to attach to upper borders of ribs 2-5?

serratus posterior superior

blood is supplied to the serratus posterior by

posterior intercostal arteries

what muscle is found on the lower back and DEEP to the latissimus dorsi and trapezius muscle and its attachment begin at T11 to L2, meaning it begins at the thoracolumbar junction (i.e. where T ends and L begins)?

serratus posterior inferior

blood is supplies to the serratus posterior by

posterior intercostal arteries

what muscle is BELOW the serratus posterior and and its main function is to keep the body in an erect position?

erector spinae muscle

____________ is the most LATERAL muscle in the erector spinae muscle group

iliocostalis thoracis muscle

____________ is the MIDDLE muscle in the erector spinae muscle group

longissimus thoracis muscle

_____________ is the most MEDIAL muscle in the erector spinae muscle group

spinalis muscle

what muscle is a DEEP muscle, will be in the upper back/neck region towards the midline, will be underneath trapezius and rhomboid muscles and is located SUPERIORLY and slightly MEDIAL to splenius cervicus?

splenius capitis

what muscle is a DEEP muscle, located in upper back underneath trapezius and rhomboid muscles, is located inferiorly to splenius capitis and extends from spinal column (i.e. has some connection on the spinous processes) towards neck?

splenius cervicus

what group of nerves provides sensory innervation to the skin over the front of the body by piercing through the deep fascia of the pectorials?

anterior cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves

what muscle is the most superficial thoracic muscle and located on upper chest?

pectorialis major

which pectorialis major head is the SUPERIOR head?

clavicular head

which pectorialis major head is the INFERIOR head?

sternocostal head

what innervates the pectoralis major?

lateral and medial pectoral nerves

what “structure” is boundered by the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle, medial border of the deltoid muscle and the clavicle?

the deltopectorial triangle

the lateral pectoral nerve innervates _______

pectoralis major

what kind of fascia expands from the clavicle and envelopes the underying pectoralis minor muscle?

clavipectoral fascia

the medial pectoral nerve innervates ______

pectoralis major and pectoralis minor

what muscle is directly beneath the pectoralis major?

pectoralis minor

what nerve innervates the pectoralis minor?

medial pectoral nerve

what supplies blood to pectoralis major?

pectorial branches of the thoracoacromial artery

what supplies blood to pectoralis minor?

pectoral branches of the thoracoacromial artery

the thoracoacromial artery is derviced from the ____ part of the axillary artery.

second

the second part of the axillary artery lies _______ to the pectoralis minor muscle.

posterior

the lateral thoracic artery is located ______

along the lateral border of the pectoralis minor

what muscle is located deep to the pectoralis major, is located directly under the clavicle, and attaches to the inferior surface of the medial half of the clavicle and first rib

subclavius muscle

what muscle is deeper that the pectoralis minor, arises from the outer surface of the upper eight ribs, attaches on the anterior surface of the scapula near its vertebral margin, and is located towards the lateral side of the body?

serratus anterior

what innervates the serratus anterior?

long thoracic nerve

what structures support the breast, extend from the skin to the deep fascia and separates lobules of fat, allowing breast tissue to be organized as strands/sheets that extend between the lobules of the fat?

supensory ligaments

where are lactiferous ducts found?

within the breast’s nipple

_______ lymph nodes are where about 75% of the lymph from the breast drain into.

axillary

what are the most superfical intercostal muscles?

external intercostal muscles

what is the name of the junction between the costal carilage and the sternal end of the rib?

costochondral junction

what is the name of the membranous layer that replaces the muscle found between the costal cartilages?

external intercostal membrane

what muscles are directly underneath the external intercostal muscles?

internal intercostal muscles

VAN stands for

vein, artery, and nerve

VAN structures are found towards the _________ border of the rib

superior

VAN structures are found underneath internal and external intercostal muscles but above _______ muscles

innermost innercostal

what are the deepest of the 3 intercostal muscles?

innermost intercostal muscles

what structures are below ALL intercostal muscle layers and run parallel to the sternum?

internal thoracic artery and vein

what drains into the internal throaic veins?

anterior intercostal veins

what artery supplies blood to the diaphragm, the lower intercostal spaces, the lower portion of the pericardium and the upper part of the anterior abdominal wall?

musculophrenic artery

what artery runs laterally along the costal margin, is one of the terminal branchs of the internal thoracic artery, and does NOT go through the diaphragm?

musculophrenic artery

what artery runs laterally along the costal margin, is one of the terminal branchs of the internal thoracic artery, and DOES go through the diaphragm?

superior epigastric artery

_____ are loacted along the course of the internal thoracic vessels; they also recieve lymph from the breast and anterolateral chest well

internal thoracic lymph nodes

what muscle is located BELOW the internal thoracic artery/vein and essentially holds the structures against the deep side of the ribcage?

transversus thoracis muscle

the space into which lungs DO NOT extend to

pleural recess

an abnormal amount of fluid in the pleural cavity

pleural effusion

The process in which fluid is withdrawn from the pleural cavities; is done by inserting a needle is the INFERIOR aspect of the intercostal space to avoid VAN structures

thoracocentesis

a continuous membrane that covers the surface of the lungs and the adjacent surfaces of the wall surrounding them

pleura

the portion of the pleura that covers the lungs

visceral pleura

the portion of the pleura that covers the wall of each pleural cavity

parietal pleura

a narrow space between the parietal pleura and the visceral pleura of the lung; normally only contains a SMALL amount of pleural fluid

pleural cavity

 what is a short, broad pedicle of anatomical structures that suspends each lung from the mediastinum and connects the heart and trachea

lung root

a wedge-shaped depression on the medial surface; acts like a doorway is which vessels enter/exit

hilum

for the RIGHT lung, the artery is ___________ than the bronchi

anterior

for the LEFT lung, the artery is ____________ than the bronchi

superior

what is found at the INFERIOR border of each lung root and is a reflection of the pleura that extends INFERIORLY towards the diaphragm

pulmonary ligament

what is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity and located between the 2 lungs; can be viewed towards the midline of the body and is superior to the lungs themselves

mediastinum

what is the empty space located right UNDER the lungs and right ABOVE the diaphragm?

anterior costomediastinal recess

what is the portion of the parietal pleura that is adjacent to the diaphragm?

diaphragmatic pleura

what are the slit-like potential spaces at the base of the pleural cavities where the costal and diaphragmatic pleura meet?

Right and left costodiaphragmatic recess

___________ fissure separates the upper lobe from the lower lobe in the _______

oblique; right and left lung

______ fissure separtes the upper lobe from the middle lobe in the ____ lung

horizontal; right

what nerve passes ANTERIOR to the root of the lung but appears to run along the surface of the pericardial sac?

phrenic nerve

what structure does the phrenic nerve innervate?

diaphragm

what artery/vein structures are found BELOW the phrenic nerve on a more inferior part of the pericardium?

pericardiacophrenic artery and vein

the pericardiacophrenic artery is a branch for the _____________

internal thoracic vein

the pericardiacophrenic vein drains into the _____________

internal thoracic vein

what is the large, central opening in a vertebra and is bounded by the vertebral body in the front and the vertebral arch in the back?

veretbral foramen

what are the two short PILLARS that attach the arch directly to the back of the vertebral body

pedicles

what are the two FLAT plates of bone extending from the pedicles to meet the middles, forming th

laminae

what are the spaces created by adjacent pedicles and serve as lateral openings for spinal nerves and blood vessels called?

intervertebral foraina

the spinal cord ends at the __ level

L2

what is the tapered, lower end of the spinal cord around L2 that contains sacral and coccygeal nerve segments?

conus medullaris

what meninge of the spinal cord is the outermost and most durable?

dura mater

what meninge of the spinal cord is the middle layer?

arachnoid mater

what meninge of the spinal cord is the innermost layer?

pia mater

what is the strand of fibrous tissues (i.e. extension of the pia mater) that extends from the conus medullaris down to the coccyx; it passes through the lumbar sac and INSERTS in the Co2 vertebra

filum terminale