Neuro Terms to review

Corticospinal tract

Pyramidal neurological mechanism modulating muscle tone

Premotor Area

Major role in praxis

Motor association Area

Role in the cognitive planning of movement

Flocculonodular Lobe

Balance and gait, (Info from vestibular nuclei)

Anterior Lobe

Precision movements (info from spinocerebellar tracts)

Posterior Lobe

Planning movement/cognition of movement (info from cerebral hemispheres)

tactile Agnosia

Umbrella term for inability to attach meaning to somatosensory data

SS2

Posterior to SS1

CN7 Facial

Modulates taste receptors on tongue

Anterior Chamber

Contains Aqueous Humor

Optic chiasma

Where optic tract crosses

Lesion in left optic tract

Right visual field cut

Dorsal Column

Carries pain, temp, vibration, and discriminative touch from cutaneous receptors

Pacinian Corpuscle

Vibration

Messner corpuscle

Discriminative touch

Merkel Cells

Pressure

Posterior multimodal association area

Sensory

Anterior multimodal association area

Motor Planning

Ideational Praxis

Understanding motor demands of task

Ideomotor planning 1

Knowing how to implement plan

Ideomotor planning 2

Executing the correct motor plan

Expressive aphasia

Difficulty with speech production

Receptive aphasia

Difficulty with speech comprehension

Perceptual Impairments

Damage to right hemisphere

Anterior cingulate

Motivation, planning, emotion

Orbitofrontal cortex

Disinhibited, impulsive behavior

Dorsolateral Prefrontal cortex

lack of motivation, engagement

Hypotonicity

LMN lesion

Hypertonicity

UMN lesion

Spinalthalamic pain pathway

Conscious pain (skin/muscle)

Reticulospinal pain pathway

Sends pain to brainstem, release endorphins

Trigeminothalamic pain pathway

facial pain via trigeminal nerve

Prostagladins

lower pain threshold

Allodynia

pain from non harmful stimuli

NSAIDs

Inhibit prostagladins

Bilateral lesion in olfactory tract

Anosmia (loss of smell)

Cranial Nerves for gustation

CN7 facial, CN9 Glossopharyngeal, CN10 Vagus

Gustatory cortex

Insula

Primary visual cortex

Visual Detection

Visual association cortex

Visual Interpretation

Nasal field vision

Lateral optic nerve

Temporal field vision

medial optic nerve

Contralateral homonymous hemianopia

loss of either right or left visual field

Bitemporal Hemianopia

loss both temporal fields of vision

Optic nerve lesion

lose whole visual field on the side

Complete severance at optic chiasm

Fully Blind

Visual field blind spot

Damage to retina

Nystagmus

involuntary, rapid, repetitive eye movements

Sensorineural

Damage to inner ear, CN8, brain

Conductive

Damage to ear structure

Lesion to auditory portion of CN8

Deafness or tinnitus

Lesion to primary auditory cortex

Cortical deafness

Lesion to auditory association cortex

Auditory agnosia or inability to interpret sounds

Vestibular apparatus

In the middle ear

Reticular formation

Brainstem

Autonomic nervous system

Vagus Nerve

Signs of vestibular dysfunction

Nystagmus, vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss, loss of balance