2. Forebrain, Thalamus and Basal Ganglia

Label the function of each thalamic nucleus

The Thalamus is supplied by what arteries

• Posterior communicating artery

• Posterior cerebral artery

• Anterior choroidal artery

Function of Thalamic Association Nuclei

Complete the pathways with the nucleus it reaches to

Each region of the brain receives information from a different thalamic nucleus, label it

Functions of the hypothalamus

Homeostasis

• Thermal regulation

• Endocrine System Control

• Autonomic System control

What structures make up the limbic system

• Cingulate Gyrus

• Parahippocampal gyrus

• Subcallosal gyrus

• Fornix

• Thalamus

• Hypothalamus

• Amygdala

• Hippocampus

• Corpus callosum

• Septum pellucidum

Functions of the limbic system

• Olfaction

• Autonomic functions

• Emotions, memory and behavior

What is the hippocampal formation and what are its 3 layers

It is a 3-layered cortex in the temporal lobe responsible for memory formation and learning

• Hippocampus (outside), Dentate gyrus (inside) and Subiculum (under)

Label the Basal Ganglia

The Papez Circuit

• Function

• Describe the route

• Connects the structures of the limbic system

• Hippocampal formation > Mammillary Body > Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus > Cingulate Gyrus Parahippocampal gyrus > Repeat

• Motor Functions of the Cerebellum

• Motor Functions of basal ganglia

• Maintains posture, maintains muscle tone, motor coordination

• Posture reflexes, initiation and execution of motor reflexes

What are the arteries supplying the following

• Midbrain

• Medulla

• Spinal Cord

• Midbrain: posterior communicating artery, posterior cerebral artery, basilar artery

• Medulla: anterior spinal artery

• Spinal Cord: anterior and posterior spinal arteries

Name the structures that make up the

• Corpus Striatum

• Striatum

• Lenticular Nucleus

• Corpus Striatum: Caudate Nucleus, Putamen, Globus Pallidus

• Striatum: Caudate Nucleus and Putamen

• Lenticular Nucleus: Putamen and Globus Pallidum

• The substantia nigra is the ______ nucleus in the midbrain

• It is an _________ motor nucleus

• Degeneration of the substantia nigra results in __________ _______

• The substantia nigra is the largest nucleus in the midbrain

• It is an extrapyramidal motor nucleus

• Degeneration of the substantia nigra results in Parkinson’s Disease

Main Circuit of the Basal Ganglia

• cerebral cortex > striatum > Globus Pallidus > Thalamus (VA nucleus) > repeat

• The Basal Ganglia receive massive projections from many cortical areas via ________ ______

• The Basal Ganglia process the information and send it to the ________

• The thalamus then projects back to the _____

• The Basal Ganglia do not directly affect _____ neurons

• The Basal Ganglia receive massive projections from many cortical areas via Cortico-striate fibers (from cortex to striatum)

• The Basal Ganglia process the information and send it to the Thalamus

• The Thalamus then projects back to the cortex

• The Basal Ganglia do not directly affect motor neurons

Label

Parkinson’s Disease

• Results from

• Symptoms

• What else can induce similar effects (parkinsonism)

• Degradation of dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra

• Shuffling gait, Bradykinesia, Akinesia, Tremors, Rigidity

• Drugs or head trauma

Label horizontal section

Label

Label

a. Head of caudate nucleus

b. Claustrum

c. Putamen

d. Globus Pallidum

Label

Label

Label

Label