Bac Phys Ch 3- Exam 1

five components of periplasm

oligosaccharides, solute-binding proteins, cytochrome c, hydrolytic enzymes, detoxifying agents

active transport of solutes happens in the bacterial

plasma membrane

H+ and OH+ need what transport

active

plasma membrane can process ____ across membrane and respond to ______

signals, environment

plasma membrane is made up of

phospholipids and protein—- aka lipoprotein layer

three categories of lipids in plasma cell membrane

neutral, polar, lipoconjugates

lipoconjugate lipoids contain a lipid plus _____, and are ___

protein, amphipathic

backbone of phospholipid

glycerol

phopholipid fatty acids are bound at which carbons of glycerol

C1 and C2

fatty acids in ___ and ___ can differ in phospholipid

R1 and R2

fatty acids can decrease in ____ and increase in _____ in different environments

fluidity, thickness

most fatty acids become ___ to maintain fluidity

saturated

phosphate is bound to ____ on glycerol backbone of phospholipid

C3

charge density, translocation, signal transduction are all influenced by

phospholipids

mechanosensitive channels in plasma membrane

opends under hypoosmotic stress, stops cell from bursting

osmosensory transporters

facilitate uptake of osmolytes to stop cell from shrinking

osmolytes

prevent water from rushing out of cell

soluble portion of cytoplasm is called

cytosol (liquid)

specialized compartments in cytoplasm are called

inclusion bodies

inclusion bodies are ___ surrounded by lipids in ____

not, euks

gas vesicles

structures filled with gas that allow bacteria to float to a level that supports growth

once gas vesicles are destroyed

can’t be fixed, just make more

magnetosomes are ____-bound organelles

membrane

magnetosomes are crystals of

iron oxide

magnetosomes influence direction fo swimming with respect to

earth’s magnetic field, like a compass- magnetotaxis

magnetotactic bacteria _____ to less oxygen

dive

bacteria have granules that store

PHB, glycogen

sulfur is stored in

globules

fast growing bacteria may have more than one

nucleoid

structure and gene regulation is influenced by

dna binding proteins

HU, IHF, H-NA, and Fis are

dna bindingp rotiens

HU is a _____ protein, and binds to dna without _____

histonelike, specificity

glycocalyx is described as

extracellular material external to cell wall

extracellular layers can take 4 forms

S layers, capsules, slime, loose fibrils

capsules have ____ material

fibrous

glycocalyx can be loose on cell wall (slimy) which is good for

biofilm

three roles of glycocalyx

adhesion, protection from phagocytosis, dehydration prevention

what keeps glycocalyx hydrated

polyanionic polysaccharides, important for soil dwelling bac