Cellular Immunity and Immunophenotyping

These flashcards summarize key concepts regarding cellular immunity and immunophenotyping, focusing on methods of assessment, characteristics of immune cells, and applications of flow cytometry.

What is cellular immunity primarily assessed through?

Phenotype assessment and flow cytometry.

What does cell immunophenotype consist of?

A set of antigens recognized by immune competent cells, related to cell structure and differentiation.

What parameters are included in a complete blood count?

Erythrocyte count and morphology, platelets count and morphology, peripheral blood differential count and leukocyte morphology evaluation.

What does a normal CD4/CD8 ratio indicate?

a healthy immune system → if it drops below or to high can indicate viral infection or autoimmune

The normal CD4/CD8 ratio is typically 1.4 (range 1.1 - 1.8).

What is the purpose of density gradient cell isolation?

To separate cells based on their physical characteristics.

Which cell population is mainly isolated using density gradient centrifugation?

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), primarily lymphocytes.

What is flow cytometry used for?

To assess the physical and biochemical characteristics of cells, including size and granularity.

What measurements in flow cytometry help distinguish cellular debris from living cells?

Forward scattering (FSC) and side scattering (SSC) measurements.

What is MACS in cell isolation techniques?

Magnetic-Activated Cell Sorting, a method that uses magnetic fields to isolate labeled cells.

What does the immunoadsorbent assay identify?

Surface antigens specific to antibodies on a plate.

What is the role of fluorochromes in flow cytometry?

Fluorochromes absorb and emit light when excited, allowing cell identification based on fluorescence intensity.

What can be inferred from a cell being CD3-negative and CD20-positive?

It indicates possible B cell lineage leukemia or lymphoma.

What are the applications of flow cytometry in clinical settings?

Diagnostics of hematopoietic diseases, monitoring of disorders like leukemia, immune profiling, and blood banking.

What is the significance of triple color panels in immunophenotyping?

They help to analyze different leukocyte subpopulations in conditions like leukemia and lymphoma.

Which cell type is primarily associated with the CD3 surface marker?

T-lymphocytes.

Which cell type is primarily associated with the CD4 surface marker?

Helper T-lymphocytes.

Which cell type is primarily associated with the CD8 surface marker?

Cytotoxic T-lymphocytes.

Which cell type is primarily associated with the CD19 surface marker?

B-lymphocytes.

Which cell type is primarily associated with the CD14 surface marker?

Monocytes/Macrophages.

Which cell types are primarily associated with the CD16 and CD56 surface markers?

Natural Killer (NK) cells.

Which cell type is primarily associated with the pan-leukocyte marker CD45?

All leukocytes (white blood cells).

what is FACS?

Fluorescence-activated cell sorting

Uses flow cytometer to physically sort fluorescently tagged cells