Progressive Presidents/America and the Great War/The End of World War 1

What was Theodore Roosevelt's view of the presidency?

He saw it as a 'bully pulpit' for leadership and a steward of the people.

What significant event occurred during Theodore Roosevelt's campaign in 1912?

He survived an assassination attempt when a bullet hit his glasses case.

What was the Square Deal?

Roosevelt's policy that aimed to promote fairness for all, including trust-busting and government regulation of industries.

What major legislation did Roosevelt enact in response to Upton Sinclair's 'The Jungle'?

The Meat Inspection Act of 1906, which mandated sanitary conditions in meat packing.

What was the purpose of the Pure Food and Drug Act?

To require labeling of ingredients in food and drugs and regulate their manufacture and sale.

How did Roosevelt contribute to conservation?

He established millions of acres for national parks, forests, and wildlife refuges.

What was William Howard Taft's relationship to Theodore Roosevelt?

Taft was Roosevelt's handpicked successor but later disappointed him by not continuing progressive reforms.

What was the significance of the Election of 1912?

It featured a split in the Republican vote between Taft and Roosevelt, allowing Democrat Woodrow Wilson to win.

What was the Federal Reserve Act?

Legislation that created a decentralized banking system with 12 federal reserve banks. It gave credit to private banks at a discounted rate and introduced flexible paper currency.

What was the Zimmerman Telegram?

A secret message from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance against the US, intercepted by the British.

What event prompted the US to enter World War I?

Germany's declaration of unrestricted submarine warfare and the sinking of American ships.

What was Wilson's main goal in entering World War I?

To make the world 'safe for democracy.'

What did the Sedition Act do?

It limited freedom of speech and imposed harsh penalties for speaking against the government or the war.

What were Wilson's Fourteen Points?

A set of principles aimed at guiding post-war peace and establishing the League of Nations. They included freedom of the seas, free trade, reduced armaments and a demand for League of Nations.

What was the outcome of the Treaty of Versailles?

It imposed heavy reparations on Germany and established the League of Nations, which the US did not join.

What was the significance of the Paris Peace Conference?

It was where the Treaty of Versailles was negotiated, but Wilson's idealism and lack of political support led to failures.

What happened to Wilson after the Treaty of Versailles negotiations?

He suffered a stroke and his condition was kept hidden from the public.

What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?

It humiliated Germany and demanded $33 billion in reparations, contributing to the rise of Adolf Hitler.

What was the public sentiment towards Germany during WWI?

Anti-German sentiment spread, leading to actions like burning German works and renaming foods.

Who was Alice Paul?

A militant suffragist who organized protests and hunger strikes for women's voting rights. She and others chained themselves to public buildings.

What was the role of John J. Pershing in WWI?

He led American forces to significant victories, including at Belleau Wood.

What did Wilson believe about the League of Nations?

He believed it would prevent future world wars, but faced opposition from Republicans. The Republicans believed that it could draw the US into war without Senate approval.

What was the significance of the Sinking of the Lusitania?

It was a pivotal event that turned American public opinion against Germany after 128 Americans were killed by German U-boats.

Who were Progressive Republicans?

They were a new group of young Republics similar to Lincoln. They believed that wealthy men should not control the government and the government should promote prosperity and equal opportunity instead.

What is trust busting?

Government activities aimed at breaking up monopolies and trusts.

1902-1907 moved against the Beef Trust, American Tobacco Co., Standard Oil, and

Broke up Standard Oil in 1911

Dismantled American Tobacco Co.

What started the Great War?

Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28th, 1914 by Serbia and rising nationalism, imperialism and militarism.

Central Powers vs Allies

Austria-Hungary backed by Germany declared war on Serbia. Russia came to Serbia's defense and Germany declared war on Russia and France and invaded Belgium on the way to France. This brought Great Britain into the war.

Who are the Allies?

Britain, France, Russia, Italy, US (neutral at first)

Who are the Central Powers?

Bulgaria, Turkey, Germany, Austria-Hungary