Midwifery and Community Health Care Review Flashcards

Flashcards testing essential medical vocabulary, clinical signs, public health indicators, pharmacology, and midwifery practices based on the lecture transcript.

BEmONC

Basic Emergency Obstetrical Newborn Care facility operating at the community level to handle normal deliveries, administering parenteral antibiotics, oxytocin, anticonvulsants, manual removal of placenta, and resuscitation.

CEmONC

Comprehensive Emergency Obstetrical Newborn Care facility capable of handling normal and cesarean deliveries, blood transfusions, surgical interventions, and all BEmONC functions.

Kwashiorkor

Protein-energy malnutrition (PEM) caused by severe protein deficiency, characterized by edema, distended abdomen, moon face, flag sign (abnormal hair), and lethargy.

Marasmus

Calorie-energy malnutrition (CEM) caused by carbohydrate and overall calorie deficiency, characterized by severe muscle wasting, loss of subcutaneous fat, baggy pants appearance, old man face, and a voracious appetite.

Oligohydramnios

Amniotic fluid volume of less than $500\,\text{cc}$, which increases the risk of cord coiling or cord prolapse and can be managed medically with Indomethacin.

Polyhydramnios

Amniotic fluid volume of more than $2000\,\text{cc}$, associated with early rupture of membranes, preterm labor, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF).

Lochia Rubra

Postpartum vaginal discharge that is red in color and lasts for 1 to 3 days after delivery.

Lochia Serosa

Postpartum vaginal discharge that is brown and pink in color, occurring from 4 to 9 days after delivery.

Lochia Alba

Postpartum vaginal discharge that is white and yellow in color, occurring from 10 to 14 days and extending up to 6 weeks.

CycleBeads

A visual color-coded bead tool used in the Standard Days Method (SDM) where the red bead marks the first day of the period, white beads indicate days when pregnancy is most likely, brown beads indicate days when pregnancy is very unlikely, and a dark brown bead indicates if the cycle is shorter than 26 days.

Bandl's Ring

A pathologic retraction ring formed on the upper uterine segment during obstructed labor, associated with tetanic uterine contractions lasting more than 90 seconds.

Chadwick's Sign

A probable sign of pregnancy characterized by a bluish or purplish discoloration of the cervix, vagina, and labia due to increased vascularity.

Goodell's Sign

A probable sign of pregnancy characterized by the softening of the cervix.

Hegar's Sign

A probable sign of pregnancy characterized by the softening of the lower uterine segment (isthmus).

Placenta Previa

An obstetrical condition in which the placenta implants in the lower uterine segment, characterized by painless, bright red vaginal bleeding in the second or third trimester.

Abruptio Placenta

Premature separation of a normally implanted placenta from the uterine wall, characterized by dark red, painful vaginal bleeding and a board-like abdomen.

Lagundi (Vitex negundo)

A traditional herbal plant under the TAMA Law with five-finger leaves used to relieve cough, asthma, colds, and fever.

Sambong (Blumea balsamifera)

A traditional herbal plant used as a diuretic, anti-edema agent, and for assisting in the excretion of urinary stones.

Akapulko (Cassia alata)

A traditional herbal plant used for its antifungal and anti-scabies properties.

Ulasimang Bato (Peperomia pellucida)

A traditional herbal plant used to lower blood uric acid levels in patients with gout.

IMCI Pink Classification

Triage category in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness indicating severe disease requiring urgent pre-referral treatment, immediate hospital referral, or admission.

IMCI Yellow Classification

Triage category in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness indicating specific medical treatment and advice to be initiated in an outpatient clinic or RHU.

IMCI Green Classification

Triage category in Integrated Management of Childhood Illness indicating simple supportive home care, safe remedies, and counseling for home management.

Vaccine Vial Monitor (VVM)

A label containing a heat-sensitive square inside a circle placed on a vaccine vial that registers cumulative heat exposure over time, reaching its discard point when the inner square turns the same color or darker than the outer circle.

Shake Test

A physical test used to determine whether freeze-sensitive vaccines containing aluminum adjuvant have been damaged by freezing, performed by comparing the sedimentation rate of a suspect vial against a frozen control vial.

Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)

A vital health statistic calculated using the formula: $\text{MMR} = \frac{\text{Recorded (or estimated) maternal deaths}}{\text{Total (recorded or estimated) live births}} \times 100{,}000$.

Neonatal Mortality Rate

A vital statistic calculated using the formula: $\text{Neonatal Mortality Rate} = \frac{\text{Number of deaths of infants within the first month of life in a particular period}}{\text{Total live births in the same period}} \times 1000$.

Fetal Death Rate (FDR)

A vital statistic calculated using the formula: $\text{FDR} = \frac{\text{Number of fetal deaths in a given period}}{\text{Total number of live births and fetal deaths in a given period}} \times 1000$.

Rifampicin

An anti-tuberculosis first-line medication ($450\,\text{mg}$) that is nephrotoxic and causes red discoloration of urine.

Isoniazid

An anti-tuberculosis first-line medication ($300\,\text{mg}$) that causes hepatotoxicity, reduces vitamin B6 levels leading to peripheral neuropathy, and can cause hallucinations.

Ethambutol

An anti-tuberculosis first-line medication ($400\,\text{mg}$) that causes optic neuritis, leading to red-green color blindness.

Pyrazinamide

An anti-tuberculosis first-line medication ($500\,\text{mg}$) that can induce gastrointestinal symptoms, hyperuricemia, and gout.

Endemic

The constant or persistent presence of a disease or infectious agent within a given geographical area or population group.

Epidemic

The rapid spread or sudden increase of cases of a disease in a specific area or population group beyond normal expectations.

Pandemic

An epidemic occurring worldwide or over a very wide geographic area crossing international boundaries, affecting a large population.

Sporadic

Disease cases that occur irregularly, haphazardly, and scattered from time to time.

Nosocomial Infection

An infection originating in a patient while admitted to a hospital or healthcare facility that was not present or incubating at the time of admission.

Iatrogenic Disease

Any untoward or adverse illness resulting directly from a physician's or healthcare professional's diagnostic or therapeutic procedure.

Republic Act 7392

The Philippine Midwifery Act of 1992, which defined the expanded functions of registered midwives, including 1st and 2nd degree perineal repairs and emergency IV insertions.

Republic Act 8423

The Traditional and Alternative Medicine Act (TAMA Law) of 1997, which established the Philippine Institute of Traditional and Alternative Health Care (PITAHC) and promoted scientifically proven medicinal plants.