IGCSE Biology : U2 : Respiration

Respiration

The process of releasing energy from organic food molecules for various activities like movement, reproduction, and maintenance.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, a fundamental molecule serving as the primary energy source in organisms.

Muscle Contraction

The energy required for muscle fibers to slide past each other during muscle contraction.

Active Transport

The process of actively moving molecules and ions across cell membranes.

Cell Division and Growth

Energy used during meiosis, mitosis, and for repair in cells.

Biosynthesis Reactions

Creating complex molecules from simpler ones.

Metabolic Processes

Providing activation energy for chemical reactions essential for life.

Nerve Impulse Propagation

Supporting the transmission of nerve impulses.

Maintenance and Repair

Energy used for the repair and maintenance of cells and tissues to ensure proper functioning and longevity.

Aerobic Respiration

The process where oxygen and glucose are converted into carbon dioxide, water, and ATP in the mitochondria.

Anaerobic Respiration

The process occurring in the absence of oxygen, producing lactic acid, and a small amount of ATP.

Oxygen Debt

The amount of oxygen needed to oxidize lactic acid after intense exercise to help the body recover.