homeostasis, hormones, thermoregulation

define homeostasis

the maintenance of a constant internal environment

list the basic principles (steps) of homeostasis

change in internal environment (stimulus) → receptor + control centre → corrective mechanism → negative feedback

define and describe a hormone

a chemical substance, produced by a gland, carried by the blood, which alters the activity of one or more specific target organs.

explain what is meant by an endocrine gland

they are ductless glands that transport their secretions through the bloodstream

• the islets of Langerhans pancreas is an endocrine gland which secretes insulin and glucagon

explain the importance of maintaining a constant blood glucose level

for tissue respiration (energy)

explain how the blood glucose concentration is regulated by insulin as a homeostatic mechanism

explain how the blood glucose concentration is regulated by glucagon as a homeostatic mechanism

describe type 2 diabetes mellitus

• in terms of a persistently higher than normal blood glucose concentration due to the body’s resistance to insulin / insufficient production of insulin

identify the risk factors of type 2 diabetes mellitus

• Obesity/overweight

• Age

• Family history (diabetes can be inherited)

• Unhealthy blood lipid levels

• Sedentary lifestyle

identify ways to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus

describe what happens when body temperature increases above normal

• explain in terms of S, R+CC, CM, NF

describe what happens when body temperature decreases below normal

• explain in terms of S, R+CC, CM, NF

which is not a function of the liver?

1. conversion of glucose to glycogen

2. storage of glycogen

3. secretion of insulin

4. synthesis of proteins from amino acids

3. secretion of insulin (pancreas)

in the control of blood glucose level, which organs are the receptor and effector?

B) receptor: pancreas | effector: liver