MODULE 2: ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING

RA 9275

Approved on March 22, 2004 and signed by Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo

RA 9275

Philippine Clean Water Act of 2004

DENR Administrative Order No. 2005-10

Implementing Rules and Regulations of RA 9275

May 16, 2005

When was DAO 2005-10 signed?

DAO 2021-19

Updated Guidelines on WQM and GES (Ammonia as NH,-N, Boron, Copper as Dissolved Copper, Fecal Coliform, Phosphate, and Sulfate)

DAO 2016-08

Water Quality Guidelines (WQG) and General Effluent Standards (GES)

DAO 1990-34

Water Usage and Classification/Water Quality Criteria

DAO 1990-35

Effluent Standards (All sources of wastewater)

ANNUAL AVERAGE

The sum of all values in one year divided by the number of values.

AQUIFER

A layer of water-bearing rock located underground that transmits water in sufficient quantity to supply pumping wells or natural springs.

BENEFICIAL USE

the use of the environment or any element or segment thereof conducive to public or private welfare, safety and health; and shall include, but not be limited to, the use of water for domestic, municipal, irrigation, power generation, fisheries, livestock raising, industrial, recreational and other purposes.

CONTAMINATION

the production of substances not found in the natural composition of water that make the water less desirable or unfit desirable or unfit for intended use.

DUMPING

means any unauthorized or illegal disposal into anybody of water or land of wastes or toxic or hazardous material: Provided, that it does not mean a release of effluent coming from commercial, industrial, and domestic sources which are within the effluent standards.

EFFLUENT

means discharges from known source which is passed into a body of water orland, or wastewater flowing out of a manufacturing plant, industrial plant including domestic, commercial and recreational facilities.

ECOLOGICAL SANITATION (ECOSAN)

an approach with the objective of closing the nutrient loop between sanitation and agriculture. It includes all of the following ecological principles: (1) conscious conservation of resources; (2) recycling and reuse; (3) minimization of energy and water use; (4) pollution prevention; and, (5) rendering the recyclables (human and animal excreta and grey water) safe for reuse.

GENERAL EFFLUENT STANDARDS (GES)

any legal restriction or limitation on quantities, rates, and/or concentrations or any combination thereof, of physical, chemical or biological parameters of effluent which a person or point source is allowed to discharge into a body of water or land; that is applicable to all industry categories and defined according to the classification of the receiving water body.

INTEGRATED WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT FRAMEWORK (IWQMF)

the policy guideline integrating all the existing frameworks prepared by all government agencies on water quality involving pollution from all sources. Specifically, the framework shall contain the following; (a) water quality goals and targets; (b) period of compliance; (c) water pollution control strategies and techniques; (d) water quality information and education program; (e) human resources development program.

MAXIMUM ALLOWABLE LIMIT

are values that should not be exceeded any point in time.

NEW SOURCES OF POLLUTION

includes existing sources that have expanded or modified their production processes resulting in an increase in pollution load.

RECEIVING WATER BODY

the water body into which surface water, wastewater, and effluent are discharged.

SANITATION FACILITIES

on-site facilities such as toilets and septic tanks for safe disposal of human waste.

SIGNIFICANT EFFLUENT QUALITY PARAMETERS

are parameters specific to the processes of an establishment.

SLUDGE

any solid, semi-solid or liquid waste or residue generated from a wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or water control pollution facility, or any other such waste having similar characteristics and effects.

STRONG WATER

wastewater whose initial Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) value before treatment is equal to or greater than 3,000 milligram per liter (mg/L).

TOTAL POLLUTION LOAD

the summation of the pollution load from all point and non-point sources, including natural sources

TOXIC AMOUNT

the lowest amount of concentration of toxic pollutants, which may cause chronic or long-term acute or lethal conditions or effects.

TREATMENT

any method, technique, or process designed to alter the physical, chemical or biological and radiological character or composition of any waste or wastewater to reduce or prevent pollution.

WASTE

any material either solid, liquid, semisolid, contained gas or other forms resulting industrial, commercial, mining or agricultural operations, or from community and household activities that is devoid of usage and discarded.

WASTEWATER

waste in liquid state containing pollutants.

WATER POLLUTION

any alteration of the physical, chemical, biological, or radiological properties of a water body resulting in the impairment of its purity

WATER QUALITY

the characteristics of water, which define its use in characteristics by terms of physical, chemical, biological, bacteriological or radiological characteristics by which the acceptability of water is evaluated.

WATER QUALITY GUIDELINES

the level for a water constituent or numerical values of physical, chemical, biological and bacteriological or radiological parameters which are used to classify water resources and their use, which does not result in significant health risk and which are not intended for direct enforcement but only for water quality management purposes, such as determining time trends, evaluating stages of deterioration or enhancement of the water quality, and as basis for taking positive action in preventing, controlling or abating water pollution.

WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AREA (WQMA)

are certain areas designated using appropriate physiographic units (i.e. watershed, river basins or water resources regions), having similar hydrological, hydrogeological, meteorological or geographic conditions which affect the physiochemical, biological and bacteriological reactions and diffusions of pollutants in the water bodies, or otherwise share common interest or face similar development programs, prospects or problems.

WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AREA ACTION PLAN

includes, but not be limited to, the following: (a) goals and targets including sewerage or septage program, (b) schedule of compliance to meet the applicable requirements of this Act; (c)water pollution control strategies or techniques d) water quality information and education program; e) resource requirement and possible sources; f) enforcement procedures of the plan and g) rewards and incentives under Chapter 4 of this Act.

POINT SOURCE

any identifiable source of pollution with specific point of discharge into a particular water body.

POINT SOURCE

Includes:

• Discharge from a sewage treatment plant

• Effluent pipe from a piggery or poultry farm

• Leaking septic tank connected to a drainage canal

NON-POINT SOURCE

any source of pollution not identifiable as point source to include, but not be limited to, runoff from irrigation or rainwater, which picks up pollutants from farms and urban areas.

NON-POINT SOURCE

Includes

• Runoff from agricultural fields carrying fertilizers, pesticides, or animal waste

• Oil, grease, and trash washed off from urban streets and highways

• Erosion from construction sites without proper silt traps

PRIMARY PARAMETERS

are the required minimum water quality parameters to be monitored for each water body.

SECONDARY PARAMETERS

are other water quality parameters that shall be used in baseline assessments as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment and other water quality monitoring purposes.

SEPTAGE

the sludge produced on individual onsite wastewater disposal systems, principally septic tanks and cesspools.

SEPTAGE

Includes:

• Water from toilets, kitchens, bathrooms

SEWAGE

includes, but is not limited to, any system or network of pipelines, ditches, channels, or conduits including pumping stations, lift stations and force mains, service connections including other constructions, devices, and appliances appurtenant thereto, which includes collection, transport, pumping and treatment of sewage to a point of disposal.

SEWAGE

This includes thick waste pumped out from a household septic tank

SEWERAGE

includes, but is not limited to, any system or network of pipelines, ditches, channels, or conduits including pumping stations, lift stations and force mains, service connections including other constructions, devices, and appliances appurtenant thereto, which includes the collection, transport, pumping and treatment of sewage to a point of disposal.

SEWERAGE

Sewer pipes and treatment plants in a city's network.

ASSIMILATIVE CAPACITY

the amount of contaminant load that can be discharged to a specific water body without exceeding the water quality guidelines.

ASSIMILATIVE CAPACITY

Focus:

• On the receiving water body (e.g., river, lake, coastal area

• How much pollution it can "absorb” without degrading water quality

EFFLUENT QUOTA

maximum allowable pollution load that an establishment can discharge without affecting the present state or condition of the water body.

EFFLUENT QUOTA

Focus:

• On the pollution source/discharger (e.g., factory, septic tank, sewage plant)

• How much pollutant is being released into the water

LOADING LIMIT

the allowable pollutant loading limit per unit of time which the discharger is permitted to discharge into any receiving body of water or land resources

LOADING LIMIT

Focus:

• Manages total pollutant input from all sources

2.5%

Percentage of Freshwater in Earth’s water.

96.5

Percentage of Ocean in Earth’s water.

Freshwater

Water that contains very low concentration of dissolved salts, especially sodium chloride (NaCl).

< 0.5 ppt

Salinity range of freshwater.

Freshwater

River, lakes, streams, groundwater, rainwater, glaciers, ice cap

Drinking water, irrigation, domestic use

Common uses of freshwater

Saline Water

Water that contains noticeable salt of dissolved salts.

0.5 to 0.35 ppt

Salinity range of saline water.

Saline water

Includes brackish water (mixture of freshwater and salt water), estuaries zones

Aquaculture, some irrigation

Common uses of saline water.

Salt Water

Water with a high concentration of salt, especially in the oceans.

> 35 ppt

Salinity range of salt water.

Salt water

Includes oceans and seas

Fishing, transport, desalination

Common uses of salt water.

Freshwater

Can be above or below ground

Freshwater

Water with low salt content (<0.05%) (non-saline)

Freshwater

Includes:

• Surface water (lakes, rivers)

• Groundwater

• Ice caps & glaciers

• Rainwater

Surface water

Water found above ground, exposed to the atmosphere.

Surface water

Can be fresh or saline, depending on location

Surface Water

Includes: Rivers, lakes, streams, wetlands, reservoirs.

Beneficial Use of Water Under Section 4 of RA 9275

Domestic

Municipal

Irrigation

Power Generation

Fisheries 

Livestock Raising

Industrial

Recreational

Class AA

Public Water Supply Class I - Intended primarily for waters having watersheds, which are uninhabited and/or otherwise declared as protected areas, and which require only approved disinfection to meet the latest PNSDW

Class A

Public Water Supply Class II - Intended as sources of water supply requiring conventional treatment (coagulation, sedimentation, filtration and disinfection) to meet the latest PNSDW

Class B

Recreational Water Class I - Intended for primary contact recreation (bathing, swimming, etc.)

Class C

1. Fishery Water for the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources

2. Recreational Water Class II - For boating, fishing, or similar activities

3. For agriculture, irrigation, and livestock watering

Class D

Navigable Waters

Class SA

1. Protected Waters - Waters designated as national or local marine parks, reserves, sanctuaries, and other areas established by law (Presidential Proclamation 1801 and other existing laws), and/or declared as such by appropriate government agency, LGUs, etc.

2. Fishery Water Class I - Suitable for shellfish harvesting for direct human consumption

Class SB

1. Fishery Water Class II - Waters suitable for commercial propagation of shellfish and intended as spawning areas for milkfish (Chanos chanos) and similar species

2. Tourist Zones - For ecotourism and recreational activities

3. Recreational Water Class I - Intended for primary contact recreation (bathing, swimming, skin diving, etc.)

Class SC

1. Fishery Water Class III - For the propagation and growth of fish and other aquatic resources and intended for commercial and sustenance fishing

2. Recreational Water Class II - For boating, fishing, or similar activities

3. Marshy and/or mangrove areas declared as fish and wildlife sanctuaries

Class SD

Navigable Waters

1. Wastewater characterization

2. Monthly monitoring data for both influent and effluent covering a 1-year period;

3. Capital and operating costs of existing wastewater treatment plant;

4. Technology and designed treatment efficiency of existing wastewater treatment plant;

5. Wastewater sources for parameter of concern; and

6. Estimated additional expenses for compliance.

Requirements for Modification of Significant Effluent Quality Parameters (SEQP) (Section 5 of DAO 2021-19)

RA 4850

Legal basis of Laguna Lake Development Authority (LLDA)

Laguna Lake Region only

Scope or Main focus of RA 4850 (LLDA)

Under DENR (but operates independently in its jurisdiction)

Parent agency of RA 4850 (LLDA)

Executive Order 192

Legal basis of EMB

Nationwide

Scope or main focus of EMB

Bureau under DENR

Parent agency of EMB.

all water bodies in the Philippines

Water Bodies covered of EMB.

1. Valenzuela

2. Malabon

3. Navotas

4. Sa Juan

5. Mandaluyon

6. Makati

7. Paranaque

8. Las Pinas

Location of water bodies in Metro Manila that is covered by the EMB.

Rizal (All LGU)— 1 City and 13 Municipalities

No. of tributary of Laguna de Bay in Rizal.

6 cities and 24 municipalities

No of. tributary of Laguna de Bay in Laguna

Municipality of Silang

Municipality of Carmona

Municipality of General Mariano Alvarez (GMA)

Location of the tributary of Laguna de Bay in Cavite.

Tanauan City

Municipality of Malvar

Municipality of Santo Tomas

Location of the tributary of Laguna de Bay in Batangas

Municipality of Lucban

Location of the tributary of Laguna de Bay in Quezon

Taguig City

Caloocan City

Pasay

Muntinlupa

Manila

Pasig

Marikina

Quezon City

Municipality of Pateros

Location of the tributary of Laguna de Bay in Metro Manila