Assessment Labs

Intracellular Electrolytes

K, Phos, Mg

Extracellular Electrolytes

Na, Cl, Ca, Bicarbonate

Sodium Range

135-145

Potassium Range

3.5-5 (Bananas/Bunch)

Chloride Range

96-106 (degrees to swim in chlorinated pool)

Magnesium Range

1.5-2.5 (bars of Magnum ice cream)

Calcium Range

9-11 (CAll 911)

Phosphorus

3.0-4.5 (K-0.5)

Albumin

• 3.5-5.0

• Protein made in liver

• Decreases in inflammation

• Increases in dehydration

Prealbumin

16-40

Hemoglobin

• Men: 14-18

• Women: 12-16

• Pregnant: > 11

• Infants: > 10

Ferritin

• Iron Storage

• Male: 10-150

• Female: 12-300

Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)

10-20 (cost of a hamburger)

Creatinine

• Men: 0.6-1.2

• Female: 0.5-1.1

Oral Contraceptives

decreases folate, Vitamin B6, Vitamin C

Adderall

appetite suppression, anorexia, nausea, weight loss

Loop Diuretics

Decrease Calcium, Sodium, Magnesium, Thiamine, Potassium

Thiazide diuretics

• Decrease magnesium, potassium

• Increase calcium

Methotrexate

Decreases folate

Statins

Never take with grapefruit

MAOI antidepressants

avoid with foods high in tyramine due to risk of increased BP

Anticoagulants (warfarin, coumadin)

Maintain consistent Vitamin K intake

Comfrey

• Soothes nerves

• Can cause liver failure

Kava

• used for anxiety

• may cause liver failure

Valerian Root

• Soothes nerves

• Avoid in patients with liver disease

Yohimbe

• Used for erectile dysfunction

• Elevates blood pressure

Ephedra

• Used for weight loss

• May cause rapid heart rate and headaches

Black Cohosh

• Used for menopause symptoms

• May cause blood clots

Licorice

• Used for stomach ulcers

• Avoid taking > 2 months

Saw Palmetto

• used for BPH

• Avoid with diuretics

St. John’s Wort

• Antidepressant

• Avoid with warfarin/coumadin, hypertension medications, birth control, MAOIs, statins

Garlic

• Decreases cholesterol

• Do not take with warfarin

Ginger

• Decreases nausea

• Do not take with warfarin

Ginseng

• Supports immunity

• Do not take with warfarin

Ginkgo Biloba

• Decreases blood pressure

• Do not take with warfarin or anticonvulsants

Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)

• 35-45

• Reglated by the lungs

Bicarbonate (HCO3)

• 24-28

• Regulated by the kidneys

Normal BP

< 120/80

Elevated BP

120-129 AND <80

Stage 1 HTN BP

130-139 OR 80-89

Stage 2 HTN BP

< 140 or < 90

LDL Lab

<100

Total Cholesterol Lab

<200

HDL Lab

• Men: >40

• Women: > 50

Triglycerides Lab

<150

Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT)

BG 2 hours post-prandial with high glucose test food

OGTT Results

• Normal: <140

• Impaired: 140-199

• Diabetes: >200

Normal A1c

• Anyone: < 5.7%

• Over 65yo: <7%

• Frail Elderly: <8%

Prediabetes A1c

5.7-6.4%

Diabetes A1c

> 6.5%

Diabetes A1c Treatment Goal

<7%

Transferrin

• < 200

• Iron transporter

• Increased in low iron

Hematocrit

Percent of blood made up by RBC

• Male: 42-52%

• Female: 36-48%

• Pregnant: 33%

• Newborn: 44-64%