Blood Banking

BLOOD BANKING

encompasses activities, procedures and tests
done to ensure blood for transfusion is properly
collected, preserved, stored and dispensed for
later use in safe blood transfusion.

TRANSFUSION MEDICINE

is a multidisciplinary branch of medicine that is
concerned with the transfusion of blood and
blood components, including proper selection
and utilization of blood components as well as
removal of blood or blood components in the
treatment or prevention of disease.

1492- POPE INNOCENT VII

blood was taken from three young men and given
to the stricken Pope Innocent VII in the hope of
curing him; unfortunately, all four died.

1869-BRAXTON HICKS

Clotting was the principal obstacle to overcome.
Attempts to find a nontoxic anticoagulant began.
he recommended sodium phosphate. This was
perhaps the first example of blood preservation.

1892- JAMES BLUNDELL OF ENGLAND

Made a successful blood transfusion to a woman
suffering from post partum hemorrhage.

1901- Karl Landsteiner

discovered the ABO blood groups and explained
the serious reactions that occur in humans as a
result of incompatible transfusions. His work early
in the 20th century won a Nobel Prize.

1902-A.Decastrello and A. Struli

a fourth main blood group AB was discovered.

1913, Dr. Edward Lindeman

The previous methods of direct transfusion
typically required cutting into the arms of donor
and recipient to expose their blood vessels, which
were then directly connected. Lindeman instead
developed a series of cannulas and syringes.

Edward Hustin

Use of sodium citrate as anticoagulant.

Lewisohn

determined the minimum
amount of citrate needed for anticoagulation and
demonstrated its nontoxicity in small amounts.
Transfusions became more practical and safer for
the patient.

1916,Rous and Turner

The development of
preservative solutions to enhance the metabolism
of the RBC followed. Glucose was tried and
introduced a citrate-dextrose solution for the
preservation of blood.

1930s.

However, the function of glucose in RBC
metabolism was not understood until the

K. Landsteiner and A. S. Wiener

The Rh, or rhesus, factor was discovered in 1940
by

Dr. Drew

was appointed
director of the first American Red Cross blood
bank at Presbyterian Hospital.

Loutit and Mollison

introduced the formula for the preservative acid-
citrate-dextrose (ACD).

Journal of Clinical Investigation

blood banks were established in many major cities
of the United States; subsequently, transfusion
became commonplace.

In 1957, Gibson

introduced an improved

preservative solution called citrate-phosphate-
dextrose (CPD), which was less acidic and

eventually replaced ACD as the standard
preservative used for blood storage.

JUNE 14

World Blood Donor Day

JULY

National Blood Donor Month

RA 1517

BLOOD BANKING LAW OF 1956

Approved on June 16, 1956

\
An act regulating the collection, processing and sale of
human blood,and the establishment and operation of
blood banks and blood processing laboratories

\
Commercial Blood Banks: those that exist for profit

RA 7719

National Blood Services Act of 1994

Approved on May 5, 1994

\
An act promoting voluntary blood donation to provide
sufficient supply of safe blood and to regulate blood banks
and providing penalties and violations thereof.

Important provision:

\
Section 7: Phase-out of commercial blood banks

Government

operated and maintained partially
or wholly by a national, provincial,
city or municipal government or
other political unit, by any
department, division, board or
agency hereof or by a government
owned or controlled corporation.

Private

privately owned, established and
operated with funds (through
donation, capital or other means,
by an individual corporation,
association, or organization.