Reproduction in plants and parts

Structure of flower

Male have stamen which consists anther for production of pollen

Petal attract insects for pollination

Fly to another flower to give pollen to female part of flower at stigma (receive pollen grain)

Which connect to ovary (contain copies) via the style (support stigma)

Types of pollination (transfer of pollen grain from male (anther) to female(stigma

Self pollination pollen grain are transferred to stigma of same flower or another flower on same plant

Adv ensure reproduction in bad environment

Dis less genetic variation

Cross pollination

Pollen grain transfer to stigma of another plant

Adv more genetic variation

Dis Can have undesirable traits

Insect pollination and wind pollination difference

Large and bright — small and dull

Sticky stigma—large stigma

Filament inside flower—-long and outside floweR

Nice scent——no scent

Nectar(attract insects) is present ——not present

Fate of plants after fertilisation

Sepal and petal stamen fall off

Ovary transform into fruit which protect seed

Ovule develop into seed contain genetic material

Ovum embryo

Ovary wall-Fruit wall

Ovule wall -seed coat

Seed germination

Seed contain cotyledon(food reserve,embryo ,plumule(embryo future shoot ,radicle (embryo future root and seed coat protect embryo

Growth at root tips

Region of cell division (cell divide by mitotic cell division

Region of elongation (cell grow and increase in size by uptake of water)

Region of differentiation (cell being to get shape )

Adv and disadvantages of measuring fresh mass and dry mass

Easy and quick

Organism stay alive ——accurate

Great variations will be resulted change in environment conditions or behaviour (food water content)——time consuming organism will die