5- Development & Periodic Trends

Proverbs 16:3

Dobereiner

[DEVELOPMENT]

Classifying elements was initially done for only a selected few, just like when _____ grouped a few elements into three (aka triads) based on atomic mass.

• de Chancoutois (telluric helix)

• Newlands (law of octaves)

[DEVELOPMENT]
Initial attempts of the entire periodic table started with ____ [2]

Mendeleev and Meyer

[DEVELOPMENT]
_____ and _____ independently made their own versions of the periodic table using atomic mass, and atomic volume , respectively (they ended up being similar since the atom’s volume is derived from its mass anyway).

Moeseley

[DEVELOPMENT]
Several decades after, ______ used the surge in new knowledge about the atom to change the basis of the periodic table from atomic number.

• Rows are called periods

• Columns are called groups

• Four blocks exist based on the azimuthal number

  • Representative elements → s and p blocks [A]

  • Transition elements → d block [B]

  • Lanthanides and actinides → f block

Figure 3 . Simplified periodic table, sequenced by atomic number

Rows

Periods

a. Rows

b. Columns

Columns

Groups

a. Rows

b. Columns

Representative elements

s and p blocks

a. Representative elements

b. Transition elements

c. Lanthanides and actinides

Transition elements

d block

a. Representative elements

b. Transition elements

c. Lanthanides and actinides

f block

f block

a. Representative elements

b. Transition elements

c. Lanthanides and actinides

Scandium

eka-Boron

a. Scandium

b. Gallium

c. Germanium

c. Technetium

d. Francium

Gallium

eka -Aluminum

a. Scandium

b. Gallium

c. Germanium

c. Technetium

d. Francium

Germanium

eka-Silicon

a. Scandium

b. Gallium

c. Germanium

c. Technetium

d. Francium

Technetium

eka-Manganese

a. Scandium

b. Gallium

c. Germanium

c. Technetium

d. Francium

Francium

eka-Cesium

a. Scandium

b. Gallium

c. Germanium

c. Technetium

d. Francium

Atomic size

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

The size/radius of an atom

Ionization energy (IE)

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

The energy required to remove an electron from an atom

Electron affinity

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

The energy released when an electron is added to an atom

Electronegativity

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

The ability of an atom to attract an electron itself

Metallic and non-metallic strength

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

The observable properties that arise from their relative positions in the periodic table (see table 11)

Metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Possess shiny luster

Non-metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Do not have luster

Metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Malleable

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Non-metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Brittle

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Good conductors of heat and electricity

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Non-metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Poor conductors of heat and electricity

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Reducing agent

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Non-metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Oxidizing agents

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Form basic compounds

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Non-metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Form acidic compounds

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Cations in aqueous solution

a. Metals

b. Non-metals

Non-metals

[PERIODIC TRENDS]

Anions in aqueous solution

a. Metals

b. Non-metals