Structural Anatomy (Bones and Joints of Upper Limb)

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Vocabulary flashcards covering the anatomical terms, bones, landmarks, joints, ligaments, and muscle movements of the upper limb.

Last updated 6:09 AM on 9/2/26
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47 Terms

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Pectoral Girdle

The structure consisting of the scapula and clavicle that attaches the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.

<p>The structure consisting of the scapula and clavicle that attaches the bones of the upper limbs to the axial skeleton.</p>
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Humerus

The longest and largest bone of the upper limb, located within the arm.

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Radius

The lateral bone of the forearm located on the thumb side.

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Ulna

The medial bone of the forearm.

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Carpals

A set of 88 small bones contained within the wrist, arranged in a proximal and a distal row.

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Metacarpals

A set of 55 bones contained in the palm of each hand, each consisting of a base, shaft, and head.

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Phalanges

The bones of the fingers, numbering 1414 in total per hand (22 in the thumb and 33 in each of the other four fingers).

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Sternoclavicular Joint

A synovial saddle joint formed between the proximal end of the clavicle, the clavicular notch of the manubrium of the sternum, and the first costal cartilage.

<p>A synovial saddle joint formed between the proximal end of the clavicle, the clavicular notch of the manubrium of the sternum, and the first costal cartilage.</p>
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Acromioclavicular Joint

A plane type of synovial joint formed by the articulation between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula.

<p>A plane type of synovial joint formed by the articulation between the lateral end of the clavicle and the acromion of the scapula.</p>
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Scapula

A flat, triangular-shaped bone located on the posterior chest wall between the 2nd and 7th ribs.

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Inferior Angle of Scapula

The lowest point of the scapula, which corresponds level-wise to the T7 vertebra.

<p>The lowest point of the scapula, which corresponds level-wise to the T7 vertebra.</p>
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Conoid Tubercle

A tubercle feature located on the inferior surface of the clavicle.

<p>A tubercle feature located on the inferior surface of the clavicle.</p>
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Glenohumeral Joint

A synovial ball and socket joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula.

<p>A synovial ball and socket joint formed by the head of the humerus and the glenoid cavity of the scapula.</p>
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Glenoid Labrum

A structure that deepens the glenoid cavity to assist in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint.

<p>A structure that deepens the glenoid cavity to assist in stabilizing the glenohumeral joint.</p>
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Rotator Cuff

A musculotendinous cuff made of the Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis (SITS) muscles that provides stability to the shoulder joint.

<p>A musculotendinous cuff made of the Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, and Subscapularis (SITS) muscles that provides stability to the shoulder joint.</p>
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Transverse Humeral Ligament

A ligament of the shoulder joint that bridges the bicipital groove.

<p>A ligament of the shoulder joint that bridges the bicipital groove.</p>
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Coracohumeral Ligament

A ligament that extends from the base of the coracoid process to insert onto the greater tubercle of the humerus, strengthening the superior aspect of the capsule.

<p>A ligament that extends from the base of the coracoid process to insert onto the greater tubercle of the humerus, strengthening the superior aspect of the capsule.</p>
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Shoulder Flexion

Forward movement of the upper limb in the sagittal plane, primarily performed by the clavicular head of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, and biceps brachii.

<p>Forward movement of the upper limb in the sagittal plane, primarily performed by the clavicular head of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, coracobrachialis, and biceps brachii.</p>
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Shoulder Abduction

Movement of the limb away from the midline in the coronal plane, initiated by the supraspinatus (0^\bar{\text{o}} to 15^\bar{\text{o}}), middle deltoid (15^\bar{\text{o}} to 90^\bar{\text{o}}), and trapezius with serratus anterior (past 90^\bar{\text{o}}).

<p>Movement of the limb away from the midline in the coronal plane, initiated by the supraspinatus ($$0^\bar{\text{o}}$$ to $$15^\bar{\text{o}}$$), middle deltoid ($$15^\bar{\text{o}}$$ to $$90^\bar{\text{o}}$$), and trapezius with serratus anterior (past $$90^\bar{\text{o}}$$).</p>
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Lister's (Dorsal) Tubercle

A tuberosity located on the dorsal aspect of the lower distal end of the radius.

<p>A tuberosity located on the dorsal aspect of the lower distal end of the radius.</p>
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Styloid Process of Radius

A process projecting distally from the lateral margin of the radius.

<p>A process projecting distally from the lateral margin of the radius.</p>
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Proximal Extremity of Ulna

The upper part of the ulna containing two processes (olecranon and coronoid) and two notches (trochlear and radial).

<p>The upper part of the ulna containing two processes (olecranon and coronoid) and two notches (trochlear and radial).</p>
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Elbow Joint

A synovial hinge joint formed by the humeral capitulum and trochlea, the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the head of the radius.

<p>A synovial hinge joint formed by the humeral capitulum and trochlea, the trochlear notch of the ulna, and the head of the radius.</p>
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Medial Collateral Ligament (Ulnar)

A triangular ligament of the elbow joint composed of anterior, posterior, and transverse bands.

<p>A triangular ligament of the elbow joint composed of anterior, posterior, and transverse bands.</p>
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Proximal Radioulnar Joint

A synovial pivot joint formed between the radial notch of the ulna and the circumference of the radial head.

<p>A synovial pivot joint formed between the radial notch of the ulna and the circumference of the radial head.</p>
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Distal Radioulnar Joint

A synovial pivot joint formed between the rounded head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius.

<p>A synovial pivot joint formed between the rounded head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius.</p>
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Supination

A rotatory movement of the forearm around a vertical axis, driven primarily by the biceps brachii and supinator muscles.

<p>A rotatory movement of the forearm around a vertical axis, driven primarily by the biceps brachii and supinator muscles.</p>
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Pronation

A rotatory movement of the forearm around a vertical axis, driven primarily by the pronator teres and pronator quadratus muscles.

<p>A rotatory movement of the forearm around a vertical axis, driven primarily by the pronator teres and pronator quadratus muscles.</p>
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Proximal Row of Carpals

The carpal row containing, from lateral to medial side: scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform.

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Distal Row of Carpals

The carpal row containing, from lateral to medial side: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate.

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Pisiform

A sesamoid bone located in the proximal row of the carpal bones.

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Carpal Arch

An anterior curvature formed laterally by the tubercles of the scaphoid and trapezium, and medially by the pisiform and hook of hamate.

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Wrist Joint (Radiocarpal Joint)

A synovial ellipsoid joint formed between the distal end of the radius and articular disc of the ulna above, and the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum bones below.

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coracoid process

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Aeromial process

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Scapula notch

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Superior border

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Superior angle

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Subscapular fossa

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Medial border

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Inferior angle

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Lateral border

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Glenoid cavity

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Neck

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Supraspinous fossa

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Spine

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Infraspinous fossa