respiratory and phonatory systems

Thoracic cage/chest/ribcage

12 ribs that form cylinder like structure

Diaphragm

Floor of thoracic cavity, thick muscle. Used in breathing as the lungs rest on it

Pulmonary system

Upper airways and lower airways

Trachea

Tube formed by 20 rings of cartilage, starting point of lower airway

Intercostal muscles

Muscles between the ribs

Medulla oblongata

Structure in brain stem, fires impulses to the muscles of respiration

What are problems due to respiratory issues

Voice, phrase length, rhythm and Prosody, and fluency

Phonate

Produce voice

Subglottal pressure

Pressure created below larynx due to valve closage

Hyoid bone

Suspends the larynx, floats under the jaw

Thyroid cartilage

forms the frontal and side walls of the larynx

cricoid

the top ring of the trachea.It is linked with the thyroid cartilage and a pair of arytenoid cartilages

arytenoids

small, pyramid-shaped cartilages. They are connected to the cricoid through cricoarytenoid joint

cricoarytenoid joint

permits circular and sliding movements. Allows vocal folds to open and close

thyroarytenoid muscles

Muscles that produce sound

Vocal folds, vocal cords, or vocalis muscles

Inner thyroarytenoid muscles

Antagonism

Opposite to each other

the adductors/closers

the lateral cricoarytenoid and the interarytenoid muscles.

Adductors/openers

posterior cricoarytenoid muscle.