Medical Terminology Exam 4

the risk of alcoholic liver disease correlates with what two things?

the amount and duration of alcohol use

which of the three conditions associated with alcoholic liver disease is not reversible?

cirrhosis

what is cirrhosis?

scarring of liver tissue

confusion, drowsiness, tremor, and possibly coma are all symptoms of:

hepatic encephalopathy

a patient with severe liver damage who stops drinking may be considered for a liver transplant

true

what is hepatic encephalopathy?

brain dysfunction from toxin buildup due to liver failure

EGD

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

esophagogastroduodenoscopy

the process of looking into the esophagus, stomach, and initial segment of the intestines

oropharynx

the medial portion of the pharynx, located behind the mouth

esophagus

a hollow tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach

proximal

closer to the origin or center of a body part or structure

duodenum

initial segment of the small intestine, between the stomach and jejunum

gastroenterologist

medical specialist who studies the stomach and intestines

GERD

gastroesophageal reflux disease

hematemesis

vomiting blood

malabsorption

poor or altered absorption of nutrients, for example due to a genetic or metabolic condition

caustic

able to burn or corrode by chemical action

polyposis

developing many abnormal growths (polyps) in the gastrointestinal tract

ligation

tying together with a suture, such as a sterilization procedure in females (tubal ligation)

colonoscope

a long, flexible tube with a light that’s used to examine the colon and rectum

men’s colons are usually longer than women’s

false

women’s colons are usually longer than men’s

true

in the absence of family history for colon cancer, what is the typical interval between colonoscopies?

five years

laparoscopic

surgical approach that uses a small tube to introduce surgical instruments

chole

bile

docho

a duct or tube in the body

lith

stone

iasis

presence of an abnormality

kin

relating to movement

cholecystectomy

surgical removal of the gallbladder

gallbladder

the organ where bile made by the liver is stored, until it is released into the duodenum via the common bile duct

chole-docho-lith-iasis

the presence of a stone in the common bile duct

chole-cyst-itis

inflammation of the gallbladder

chole-lith-iasis

the presence of a stone in the gallbladder

dyskinesia

trouble with movement

chole-cysto-kin-in

hormone that causes contraction of the gallbladder; also used as a neurotransmitter in the brain

bilirubin

breakdown product of red blood cells; named for its reddish color

epigastric

one of the nine abdominal regions, lying along the midline at the top of the abdomen

hypochondriac

one of the nine abdominal regions, lying laterally at the top of the abdomen

hypogastric

one of the nine abdominal regions, lying along the midline at the bottom of the abdomen

umbilical

one of the nine abdominal regions, lying in the center of the grid and centered on the belly button

lumbar

one of the nine abdominal regions, lying laterally in the middle section of the abdomen

iliac

one of the nine abdominal regions, lying laterally at the bottom of the abdomen

dyspepsia

disease involving problems with the stomach

PUD

peptic ulcer disease

which prefix means "not"

un–

the submucosal layer is ____________ the mucosal layer

 an underlayer to

choose the root that means bowels

 celi/o

the root fundus, as in the fundus of the stomach, refers to:

the bottom of a bottle-shaped object

what color is bilirubin?

red

choose the root that means crowded together

constipa

a word ending that means "pertaining to" is

–al

stomy

creating an opening with surgery

-centesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid

-pexy

surgical fixation

-otomy

incision or cutting into

-ostomy

creation of a new or artificial opening

-plasty

surgical repair, reconstruction, or restoration

surgical removal of the head of the pancreas and the duodenum to treat pancreatic cancer

pancreato-duoden-ectomy

surgical creation of a communication between the hepatic duct and the stomach

hepatico-gastro-stomy

inflammation of the esophagus

esophag-itis

surgical revision of the rectum

recto-plasty

surgical creation of a communication between the stomach and duodenum

gastro-duodeno-stomy

pain in the stomach

gastr-algia

surgical removal of a stone in the common bile duct

chole-docho-lith-ectomy

pain in the esophagus

esophag-algia

pain in the gums

gingiv-algia

where can kidney stones form?

in the kidney, ureters, bladder, or urethra

C₅H₄N₄O₃ is the chemical formula for:

uric acid

80% of kidney stones are made up of:

calcium oxalate

blood in the urine is termed:

hematuria

pain while urinating is called:

dysuria

a kidney stone in the bladder is termed a:

cystolith

what phrase means "ultrasonic waves from outside the body used to break up a stone"

extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy

hydration and a healthy diet can help prevent kidney stone formation

true

polyuria

increased urine production, frequent urination

suprapubic

pertaining to something located above the pubic bone

cystospasm

involuntary contraction of the urinary bladder

hematuria

blood in the urine

pyelonephritis

inflammation of the pelvis region, calyces, and kidney tissue

urinary

pertaining to the organs which produce urine

in-contin-ence

inability to hold urine and expel it appropriately

urinalysis

shortening of urine + analysis

odoriferous

having a smell, especially an unpleasant one

bacteriuria

bacteria in the urine