Chapter 19- Control of Gene Expression in Eukaryotes

Proteins

________ that stop or slow the cell cycle when conditions are unfavorable for cell division are called tumor suppressors.

DNA

________ and histones must be altered for RNA polymerase to make contact with ________.

eukaryotes

In ________, DNA is wrapped around proteins to create a structure called chromatin.

Regulatory sequences

________ allow the binding of proteins that control the initiation of transcription.

Enhancers

________ are regulatory DNA sequences primarily found in eukaryotes.

Genes

________ that stimulate cell division are called proto- oncogenes.

macromolecular machine

A(n) ________ called the proteasome recognizes proteins that have a ubiquitin tag and cuts them into short segments.

Oncogene

________ is a mutant allele that promotes cancer.

Activators

________ work not only to stimulate transcription but also to bring chromatin remodeling proteins to the right place at the right time.

Chromatin

________ consists of DNA complexed with histones and other proteins.

Epigenetic inheritance

________ is the collective term for any mechanism of inheritance that is due to something other than differences in DNA sequences.

MRNA stability

________ is regulated in eukaryotes.

regulation

Any ________ that occurs after transcription is a form of post- transcriptional control.

Histone

________ acetylation usually promotes decondensed chromatin, a state associated with active transcription.

core promoter

In eukaryotes the term ________ is often used to indicate the specific sequence where RNA polymerase binds, as opposed to the other sequences needed for regulation of transcription.

regulatory proteins

When ________ called repressors bind to silencers, transcription is shut down.

Alternative splicing

________ is controlled by proteins that bind to RNAs in the nucleus and interact with spliceosomes to influence which sequences are used for splicing.

regulatory sequences

Eukaryotes also possess ________ that are similar in structure and share key characteristics with enhancers but work to inhibit transcription which are called silencers.

RNA processing

is the steps required to produce a mature, processed mRNA from a primary RNA transcript.