EAC 4: Micro-Electronics

Q1. It consists of elements inseparably associated and formed on or within a single substrate.
a. Microcircuit
b. Size
c. Integrated Circuit
d. Speed

c. Integrated Circuit

Q2. ______ is a major characteristic of an IC.
a. Complication
b. Size
c. Power consumption
d. Speed

b. Size

Q3. Digital ICs are mostly:
a. Hybrids
b. Thick Film
c. Thin Film
d. Monolithic

d. Monolithic

Q4. ICs whose components are passive elements (either resistors or capacitors):
a. Monolithic IC
b. Hybrid IC
c. Film IC
d. Substrate

c. Film IC

Q5. Method used in producing thick film components:
a. Evaporation
b. Epitaxial
c. Screening
d. Diffusion

c. Screening

Q6. IC production method to prevent unwanted interaction between elements within a chip:
a. Cathode sputtering
b. Isolation
c. Diffusion
d. Evaporation

b. Isolation

Q7. The most popular crystal growth process used in IC:
a. Photolithography
b. Czochralski Technique
c. Metallization
d. Crystallization

b. Czochralski Technique

Q8. ____ is a thin polished slice of a semiconductor crystal on which integrated circuit can be fabricated, often in duplicate, for cutting into individual core.
a. Silicon
b. Indium
c. Gallium
d. Wafer

d. Wafer

Q9. The metal most often used in the metallization process in IC fabrication:
a. Aluminum
b. Silver
c. Gold
d. Platinum

a. Aluminum

Q10. Intergrowth between two different semiconductor layers:
a. Epitaxy
b. Ingot
c. Wafer
d. Resistor

a. Epitaxy

Q11. The selective etching of SiO₂ layer to expose portions of the silicon surface for doping:
a. Photolithography
b. Annealing
c. Diffusion
d. Ion implantation

a. Photolithography

Q12. Which of the following is not a linear IC?
a. Flip-flop
b. Op-amp
c. Voltage Regulator
d. VCO

a. Flip-flop

Q13. A separately packed circuit element with its own external connections is called a _____ component.
a. Integrated
b. Discrete
c. Active
d. Passive

b. Discrete

Q14. When a logic circuit rejects an unwanted signal, this is termed as:
a. Propagation delay
b. Logic Levels
c. Power consumption
d. Noise Margin

d. Noise Margin

Q15. _____ refers to a function of a decade counter digital IC.
a. Producing one output for every 10 input pulses
b. Adding two decimal numbers
c. Producing 10 output level every 1 input pulse
d. Decoding a decimal number for display on seven-segment

a. Producing one output for every 10 input pulses

Q16. The _____ is an Analog component that has two inputs, one inverting and the other non-inverting, and a single output terminal.
a. Counter
b. Op-Amp
c. Register
d. Flip-flop

b. Op-Amp

Q17. How many op-amps does a window comparator require?
a. 2
b. 4
c. 3
d. 1

a. 2

Q18. Which of the following companies was first to develop an op-amp?
a. Texas Instruments
b. Intel
c. Fairchild
d. ROHM

c. Fairchild

Q19. Specification of an op-amp which describes how fast the output of an op-amp changes no matter how fast the input voltage changes:
a. Frequency Response
b. Input Bias Current
c. Bias Rate
d. Slew Rate

d. Slew Rate

Q20. Ratio of the voltage gain of an op-amp for differential signals to its voltage gain for common mode signals:
a. CMRR
b. Differential Gain
c. Common-mode Gain
d. Closed-loop Gain

a. CMRR

Q21. Which of the basic op-amp circuits require no feedback?
a. Integrator
b. Comparator
c. Differentiator
d. Summer

b. Comparator

Q22. What is the feedback element of a differentiator?
a. Resistor
b. Capacitor
c. RC Network
d. Inductor

a. Resistor

Q23. Which of the following circuits converts an input waveform to rectangular wave?
a. Integrator
b. Amplifier
c. Differentiator
d. Schmitt Trigger

d. Schmitt Trigger

Q24. What will be the output of a differential amplifier whose input is 1 mV for both inverting and non-inverting inputs?
a. 0 V
b. 1 mV
c. 2 mV
d. 1 V

a. 0 V

Q25. The op-amp input that causes a phase inversion when used as a signal input:
a. +VCC
b. Inverting input
c. -VEE
d. Non-inverting input

b. Inverting input

Q26. An op-amp operation where similar signals appear at both inverting and non-inverting inputs:
a. Single-ended
b. Differential Mode
c. Double Ended
d. Common Mode

d. Common Mode

Q27. The ratio of the feedback voltage to the output voltage:
a. Attenuation factor
b. Feed fraction
c. Gain
d. Feedback voltage

a. Attenuation factor

Q28. The factor by which the open-loop gain will decrease if feedback is applied:
a. Feedback fraction
b. CMRR
c. Attenuation factor
d. Sacrifice factor

d. Sacrifice factor

Q29. An op-amp with no feedback used to compare two voltages:
a. Open-loop
b. Differential amplifier
c. Comparator
d. Voltage follower

c. Comparator

Q30. Special type of comparator that compares a voltage input with a reference voltage:
a. Schmitt trigger
b. Voltage follower
c. Level detector
d. Window comparator

c. Level detector

Q31. Special type of comparator that detects if the input voltage is out of range:
a. Schmitt trigger
b. Voltage follower
c. Level detector
d. Window comparator

d. Window comparator

Q32. A circuit whose output is proportional to the rate of change of the input voltage:
a. Schmitt trigger
b. Differentiator
c. Level detector
d. Integrator

b. Differentiator

Q33. A circuit whose output is the continuous summation of a signal over a period of time:
a. Schmitt trigger
b. Differentiator
c. Level detector
d. Integrator

d. Integrator

Q34. What is the feedback component for an RC op-amp integrator?
a. Resistor
b. Inductor
c. Capacitor
d. Conductor

c. Capacitor

Q35. Which of the following can be used as a square wave-to-triangular wave converter?
a. Schmitt trigger
b. Differentiator
c. Level detector
d. Integrator

d. Integrator

Q36. Which of the following can be used as a square wave-to-spikes converter?
a. Schmitt trigger
b. Differentiator
c. Level detector
d. Integrator

b. Differentiator

Q37. An op-amp whose voltage gain is 1:
a. Emitter follower
b. Voltage follower
c. Source follower
d. Common base

b. Voltage follower

Q38. _____ refers to circuits with 10 to 100 integrated circuits:
a. IC
b. Monolithic
c. MSI
d. SSI

c. MSI

Q39. Which of the following integrated circuits contain the most gates?
a. LSI
b. MSI
c. VLSI
d. SSI

c. VLSI

Q40. It is a digital IC characterized by 100,000 gates or more:
a. LSI
b. ULSI
c. VLSI
d. SLSI

c. VLSI

Q41. How many pins does a 555 timer have?
a. 6
b. 10
c. 8
d. 12

c. 8

Q42. Pin 3 of 555 timer:
a. Ground
b. Output
c. Trigger
d. Reset

b. Output

Q43. Pin 7 of 555 timer:
a. VCC
b. Threshold
c. Discharge
d. Control Voltage

c. Discharge

Q44. The first integrated circuit chip was developed by:
a. C. V. Raman
b. W. H. Brattain
c. J. S. Kilby
d. Robert Noyce

c. J. S. Kilby

Q45. Silicon ingots are sliced into:
a. Chips
b. Dice
c. Substrate
d. Wafers

d. Wafers

Q46. What do the abbreviations SSI, MSI, LSI, and VLSI indicate?
a. Circuit complexity
b. Fabrication
c. Package types
d. IC manufacturers

a. Circuit complexity

Q47. In monolithic ICs, all components are fabricated by _____ process:
a. Evaporation
b. Sputtering
c. Diffusion
d. Oxidization

c. Diffusion

Q48. By definition, digital ICs:
a. Amplify voltage
b. Have parallel leads
c. Switch between two fixed logic states
d. Are called mini-DIPs

c. Switch between two fixed logic states

Q49. In monolithic ICs all components are fabricated by _____ process:
a. Evaporation
b. Sputtering
c. Diffusion
d. Oxidization

c. Diffusion

Q50. In the context of IC fabrication, metallization means:
a. Connecting metal wires
b. Forming interconnecting conduction patterns and bonding pads
c. Depositing SiO₂ layer
d. Covering metallic cap

b. Forming interconnecting conduction patterns and bonding pads

Q51. An Op-amp can be classified as _____ amplifier
a. Linear
b. Low Rin
c. Positive feedback
d. RC coupled

a. Linear

Q52. With 0V on both inputs, an op-amp ideally should have an output equal to:
a. The positive supply voltage
b. The negative supply voltage
c. 0
d. CMRR

c. 0

Q53. Of the values listed, the most realistic value for open-loop gain of an op-amp is:
a. 1
b. 2000
c. 80 dB
d. 100,000

d. 100,000

Q54. A certain op-amp has a bias current of 50 μA and 49.3 μA. The input offset current is:
a. 700 nA
b. 99.3 μA
c. 49.7 μA
d. None of these

a. 700 nA

Q55. An ideal op-amp has:
a. Infinite Av
b. Infinite Rin
c. Zero Rout
d. All of these

d. All of these

Q56. The output of a particular op-amp increases 8 V in 12 μsec. The slew rate is:
a. 96 V/μsec
b. 0.67 V/μsec
c. 1.5 V/μsec
d. None of thes

b. 0.67 V/μsec

Q57. A certain non-inverting amplifier has Ri = 1 kΩ and Rf = 100 kΩ. The closed loop gain is:
a. 100,000
b. 1000
c. 101
d. 100

c. 101

Q58. An inverting amplifier, has Rf = 2 MΩ and R1 = 2 kΩ. Its scale factor is:
a. 1000
b. -1000
c. 10 × 10⁻³
d. -10 × 10⁻³

b. -1000

Q59. A monostable multivibrator circuit:
a. Has no stable state
b. Gives two output pulses for one input trigger pulse
c. Returns to its standby state automatically
d. Has no energy storage element

c. Returns to its standby state automatically

Q60. The frequency of oscillation of an astable multivibrator depends mainly on the:
a. Value of collector load resistor
b. RC values of the circuit
c. Value of transistor beta
d. Width of input pulses

b. RC values of the circuit

Q61. A bistable multivibrator is a _____ oscillator:
a. Triggered
b. Free running
c. Sine wave
d. Sawtooth

a. Triggered

Q62. Which of the following is not an input or output of the 555 timer?
a. Threshold
b. Control voltage
c. Clock
d. Trigger

c. Clock

Q63. An IC that is used to process analog signals is generally:
a. A CMOS IC
b. A ROM
c. A linear IC
d. A logarithmic IC

c. A linear IC

Q64. The abbreviation TTL stands for:
a. Terminal Transmission Load
b. Terminal Transmission Logic
c. Transistorized Transmission Line
d. Transistor Transistor Logic

d. Transistor Transistor Logic

Q65. A DIP is a type of:
a. Memory
b. Transistor
c. IC Package
d. Capacitor

c. IC Package

Q66. The two input terminals of an Op Amp are known as:
a. Positive and Negative
b. Inverting and Non-Inverting
c. Differential and Non-Differential
d. High and Low

b. Inverting and Non-Inverting

Q67. The most widely used digital logic family:
a. DTL
b. TTL
c. ECL
d. RTL

b. TTL

Q68. DTL family employs:
a. Resistors and transistors
b. Diodes and transistors
c. Diodes and resistors
d. Diodes, transistors and resistors

d. Diodes, transistors and resistors

Q69. The fan-in of a logic gate refers to the number of:
a. Input devices that can be connected
b. Input terminals
c. Output terminals
d. Circuits output can drive

b. Input terminals

Q70. A unique operating feature of ECL circuit is its:
a. Very high speed
b. Series based resistor
c. High power dissipation
d. Compatibility with other logic series

a. Very high speed

Q71. ______ multivibrator is a square wave oscillator:
a. Astable
b. Bistable
c. Monostable
d. Either b or c

a. Astable

Q72. Two types of ICs currently being manufactured are:
a. Flat pack and DIP
b. Dual in line package
c. Monolithic and hybrid
d. Single and multiple

c. Monolithic and hybrid

Q73. In multivibrators, we have _____ feedback:
a. Negative
b. Positive
c. Both positive and negative
d. No

b. Positive

Q74. Ideally, an Op Amp has an infinite resistance and an output resistance of:
a. Zero
b. Infinity
c. Depends on the type or part no.
d. Depends on the load resistance

a. Zero

Q75. When one input of an Op Amp is connected to ground and the other input is connected to the signal source, it is operating as:
a. Single ended input
b. Single ended output
c. Double ended input
d. Double ended output

a. Single ended input

Q76. If the sine wave input signal is applied at the inverting input, the output waveform would be:
a. Cosine wave
b. Sine wave
c. Sine wave shifted by 90 degrees
d. Sine wave shifted by 180 degrees

d. Sine wave shifted by 180 degrees

Q77. An operational amplifier has a common mode voltage gain of 100 and a differential mode voltage gain of 20,000. What is its CMRR?
a. 2,000,000
b. 200
c. 20,100
d. 5 × 10³

b. 200

Q78. Maximum output voltage swing of an Op Amp is from:
a. +Vsat to -Vsat
b. +V to -V (supply)
c. ½ V to -½ V
d. None of these

a. +Vsat to -Vsat

Q79. It is known through experiment that the input bias current of the non-inverting and inverting inputs of a certain Op Amp are 90 nA and 70 nA respectively. What is the Op Amp’s input offset current?
a. 160 nA
b. 90 nA
c. 80 nA
d. 20 nA

d. 20 nA

Q80. Frequency at which the gain of an Op Amp reduces to unity:
a. Unity Gain Bandwidth
b. Unity Gain Frequency
c. Cutoff Frequency
d. Gain Bandwidth Product

a. Unity Gain Bandwidth

Q81. The reduction of amplifier’s gain due to the increasing signal frequency:
a. Cut-off
b. Roll off
c. Diminishing factor
d. Frequency off

b. Roll off

Q82. To make the zero crossing detector immune to noise a/an ____ should be added:
a. Attenuator
b. Filter
c. Tank Circuit
d. Hysteresis unit

d. Hysteresis unit

Q83. When an Op Amp is used as a comparator, its output voltage will be equal to +Vsat if:
a. V+ > V−
b. V− > V+
c. V+ = V−
d. V+ & V− = 0

a. V+ > V−

Q84. The maximum rate at which the output voltage can change in a given Op Amp is called:
a. Rise Time
b. Slew Rate
c. Rate of Output Voltage
d. Drift

b. Slew Rate

Q85. What is the maximum signal frequency that can be used in an Op Amp with a specified slew rate of 0.5 V/μs, if the maximum desired output voltage is 5 V?
a. 100 kHz
b. 10 MHz
c. 10 × 10⁶ rad/sec
d. 100 × 10³ rad/sec

d. 100 × 10³ rad/sec