Chapter 6 World history study guide

Cartographer

Mapmakers

Line of demarcation

an imaginary line running down the middle of the Atlantic from the North Pole to the South Pole

Circumnavigation

Circling the globe

Prince Henry the Navigator

Portuguese prince who sponsored voyages of exploration along the coast of Africa

Bartholomeu Dias

the first European to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa, reaching the Indian Ocean

Vasco da Gama

first European to reach India by sea, linking Europe and Asia by an ocean route

Christopher Columbus

made four voyages across the Atlantic; became one of the first Europeans to set foot on of the islands of the Bahamas

Ferdinand Magellan

first circumnavigation of the world; organized a Spanish expedition to the east indies

Why did Portugal and Spain want to find a sea route to Asia?

They wanted to find a sea route to Asia for spice  trade 

What sciences and technology led to voyages of exploration?

Cartography, astronomy, shipbuilding

Conquistador

a Spanish conqueror

Triangular trade

involved three legs: raw materials from america to Europe, manufactured goods from Europe to africa, and enslaved Africans from Africa to the americas

The Middle Passage

an enslaved persons journey from the west coast of Africa to America 

Pedro Alvares Cabral

Claimed Brazil for Portugal

Hernán Cortés

Spanish conquistador that led the expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire

Montezuma II

last Aztec emperor before Spanish conquest

Francisco Pizarro

conquered the Inca empire

Atahualpa

Last Inca emperor; killed by francisco

Henry Hudson

English explorer who claimed land for the Dutch along the Atlantic coast

Jacques Cartier

claimed Canada for france

Samuel de Champlain

a French cartographer who founded Quebec

Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet

Explored the Mississippi River

John Cabot

Explored the coast of Newfoundland

Goals that Spain had for its American Empire?

Spread of wealth, spread of Catholicism, expansion of power and influence, access to new trade routes and resources

Joint-stock company

Organizations that sold stock

Entrepreneurs

An individual who operates a business

Mercantilism

a theory that a states power depended on its wealth

Bullion

gold or silver

Balance of trade

The difference between a country’s exports and imports

Capitalism

An economic and political system in which a country’s trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit

The Commercial Revolution

changes that formed the roots of modern financial and business life

Changes of the Commercial Revolution

nations competed for markets and trade goods, new business methods were instituted for investing money, speeding the flow of wealth, and reducing risks in commercial ventures

The greatest increase in trade took place:

In the countries bordering the Atlantic ocean

What became entrepreneurs favorite gathering place?

Coffeehouses

Europes growing population demanded more goods and services. This demand was met by?

Europe’s increasing contacts with the rest of the world