ANS 150 Past Quizzes

Below is a table that contains the average per capita consumption of protein and calories for four different countries based on these data rank these countries from most to least developed

D, C, B, a

List one advantage and one disadvantage of using vocalizations as a measure or indicator of intelligence in animals

Digestion of forages in ruminates is a symbiotic relationship briefly describe the symbiotic relationship

What is the primary difference when an animal learns something via trial/error versus conditioning

Why do ruminates utilize forages more effectively than nonruminant as a feeding source?

List all the places in a pig where enzymatic digestion takes place

A herd of cow with calves is grazing pasture next to a road. A couple is walking their dog along the road when the dog sees the cows it runs up to the fence and barks at them. The cows called to their calves. The calves come running to their mothers and the cows and calves run to the other side of the pasture. This occurred daily for 3 more days and then the couple leaves their dog at home one day. When the cows see just the couple walking, they called their calves and the cows/calves run to the other side of the pasture. This occurs daily for three more days (the couple walks without their dog) but each day the cows don't run away quite as far as the day before, until the cows finally do not cut their calves or run away when they see the couple walking. However, at the end of the week, the couple returns with their dog, when the dog runs up the fence and barks the cows called their calves and run to the other side of the pasture.

A horse and a chicken are fed some alfalfa hay. The amount of hay that they are fed is based on their body size. The chicken grows at a much faster rate than the horse. The diet of both is switched to a mixture of cracked corn and cracked wheat. The amount of the cracked wheat and cracked corn that they are fed is based on their body size. The growth rate of the 7 o'clock tonight I'm doing torqueshorse increases, but the growth rate of the chicken remains constant. What are some possible reasons for these observations?

You have been hired as a nutritional consultant by a group of spine producers. They are of the opinion that the boars aren't being fed enough to meet their protein needs but are getting enough energy. Their weigh 500 pounds and are currently being fed 5 pounds per day. Based on the feed analysis and the is there anybody hot in farmhouse anyone at all farmhouse? nutrient requirements shown on the next page are the producers correct in their assessment if they are correct then which nutrient requirements are not being met?

What is anthropomorphism?

List four anatomical differences between the digestive tracks of avian and mammalian species

In terms of countries that raise animals for food and fiber, what is the main thing that economics look at to determine whether they are likely to make money doing this in the future

What is the most common way that animals learn how to do something?

When estimating how well animals learn something what do the terms acquisition extinction and recovery mean?

Briefly describe an example of a retrospective study involving animals and homeopathy

looking at animals who have pets and finding that it has lowered their stress

How do economists typically estimate the total economic value of different animal industries in the US?

What is the main reason that the US has emerged as the world's leader in animal production/science?

Give examples of the daily per capita, caloric and protein intakes of an average person in a developed country versus the average person in a developing country

A squirrel on campus is searching for acorns and several different locations. The squirrel eventually find some on the window ledge outside of a professor's office. The squirrel returns to the same window ledge for the next several days, but doesn't find any more acorns. The professor notices that a squirrel was running across the window ledge outside of his office for several days, so the professor decides to leave some peanuts on the window ledge. After searching in several different locations, the squirrel finds the peanuts on the window ledge outside the professors office. The professor notices this so he leaves peanuts on the window ledge outside his office every morning for the squirrel. One morning the professor leaves the window open but forgets to put the peanuts on the outside ledge. The squirrel arrives on the ledge and goes through the window to get the peanuts. Just as the squirrel is about to pick up the peanuts, the professor walks into the office and both the squirrel and professor are scared. The squirrel runs away and never looks for food on window ledges again.

You get a call from a veterinarian the veterinarian has a client with a young horse and a young goat. When both the goat and horses were grazing and being fed, Timothy hay, the horse grew at a faster rate than the goat. When a mixture of corn and oats were added to the diet of both young animals, nothing changed – the horse and goat grew at the same rate as before, and the horse gained weight faster than the goat. You can assume that both the horse and goat were fed the correct amount of each of the feed based on their body rate. The veterinarian wants to know how this could occur.

You have just been notified that you were selected to help one of these swine nutrition professors in the animal science department with one of their research projects. The first task that the professor gives you to do is to determine how much feed a 50 pound nursery peg should be fed a new experimental diet. Tell the professor how much of the experimental diet the nursery pig should be fed to meet their requirements.

What is rumination?

bringing material from the rumen and back to the mouth to be chewed again

What is the main method of communication for horses?

What type of behavior is passed to the next generation genetically?

instinctive

The ability to respond correctly to a stimulus the first time it is applied, refers to what

reasoning

Behavior that is designed for the propagation of the species

Sexual behavior

What are the main functions of the epididymis?

List the similarities between the Volvo and females and the sheath and males

List one similarity, and one difference between epistasis and partial dominance

Give an example of a reproductive organ and females whose activity is controlled by two different hormones. Please list the organ and the activity that each hormone controls.

ovaries of a female have LH and FSH present. FSH stimulates follicle growth, LH stimulates final growth of follicles, causes ovulation, and stimulates seals

What is the Ferguson reflex?

pressure receptors in the cervix that feel the fetus pushing against them which results in the release of oxytocin

What initiates partuition in mammals?

the feta senses cortisol to notify the mother that the uterine environment is no longer livable

What are micro RNA's?

used to block or disrupt the creation of a protein and our RNA templates

What is the correct definition for puberty in males?

libido, when the male is capable of reproducing by producing sperm

If a female has corporate Alcanta and small follicles on her ovaries and her LH and FSH levels are low, then where is she most likely in her reproductive cycle?

mid cycle, about day 14, prostaglandin has been released, and the CL has been regressed

What effects would progesterone have on a stallion?

What is the relationship between a follicle, corpus luteum, and corpus Albecon?

a follicle contains eggs, once they are released, a CLS forms. when it dies, CAS are formed.

A producer has a sheep flock with a weaning weight of 35 pounds. During the first gestation, the producer purchases a ram that normally produces lambs with weaning weight of 55 pounds and uses the ram to breed all the use in the herd during the second generation, the producer uses the same RAM again, but also use that produced lambs with a weaning weight of 48 pounds. At the end of the second generation, what would be the weaning weight of the lambs? The heritability for weaning weight and sheep is 30% or .3.

42.05 pounds

Calculate the inbreeding coefficient for tim.

12.5%

You have a good friend that just invested in a beef cattle operation. Unfortunately, the workers on the farm aren't having any luck getting the cows pregnant. They observe all the cows in estrus and they watched the bull mount and breed the cows. However, the cows always return to us about three weeks after they are bread by the bowl. List all the possibilities of why the cows are not getting pregnant.

What is the correct definition of epigenetic?

When a follicle starts to grow what are two things that can happen to it

How does information in an animals genotype contribute to its phenotype?

If a male produces a produced number of sperm in a semen, but the semen volume is normal, then list all the organs that might be involved with this problem

testes, vas deferens, epididymis

What is the main difference between epistasis and complete dominance

What are the main functions of the vagina in most female livestock species?

site of semen deposition, part of birth canal

What are the functions of FSH and LH in the male?

List two important things that occur between days 12 to 16 and pregnant females

A black Angus bull is bred to a red Angus cow what are the possible genotypes of the calves that might result?

Briefly describe the neural reflex arc associated with lactation in mammals

You have been hired as a consultant for a dairy farm at the current herd average for the farm is 15,000 pounds of milk per cow per year. Your client has been presented with the following offers for their genetic improvement program for increasing milk production, which the offers below would result in the fastest genetic improvement and milk production for the farm the heritability for milk production is .4 or 40%
More Milk INC.: bulls=19,000 lbs, heifers=17,000 lbs
Moo U LLC: bulls=17,000 lbs, heifers=17,000 lbs

A large breeding farm send you information regarding four cows that they are thinking about purchasing they have had their veterinarian determine what is on the ovaries of each by ultrasonography and have taken blood samples to determine the relative level of different hormones. Based on this information the farm would like to know where in reproductive cycle each female is, if you think a female could be in more than one stage then please list each phase

What is a dry cow?

Stopped producing milk

What were the reasons that cattle were first domesticated by humans?

Food source and religion

List two factors that have caused numbers of dairy farms in North Carolina to decrease over the past three years

urbanization and a decrease of demand

What is the most important thing for dairy farmers to check in their milk parlor why

List the three tests that many cattle farmers use to determine whether it is safe to pull a cap during calving

Head moves through pelvis, one fetlock past vulva, second fetlock past vulva

What are two production or management goals that are common between beef and dairy cattle operations

to get the largest number of successful breeding out of a cycle and for every cow to have its first calf at two years old

What are the three most important things associated with managing dairy calves?

An alternative to feed lots and beef production systems would be allowing cattle to remain on pasture throughout their entire growth phase until they reach market weight. What are three advantages of this type of production system for NC beef producers

A dog gets into a pasture of cows with young calves. Briefly described the behaviors that the cows would probably display towards the dog.

When two dairy cows produce different amounts of milk when does this occur during the lactation curve and why do changes during this period result in differences and milk production?

Why is nutritional management during lactation more important for both beef and dairy cows compared with other livestock species?

List four different things done for beef cattle to be certified as being preconditioned when they are sold

weaned 45 days before sold, vet assessment, vaccinated, trough eating

List the three main differences in terms of how dairy cattle are managed, compared with beef cattle and for each one explain why they are managed differently

Rank the farms from best to worst in terms of their management

Rank the species in terms of the earliest to be domesticated to the most recent

What happens if dairy cows don't have enough roughage in their diets

Metabolic issues and the percentage of milk fat can decrease lowering the quality of milk

List three behavioral differences between sheep and goats

goats more strictly enforce pecking orders, dominance is based on the oldest ewe while it's based on horns for goats, and sheep are more gregarious

List three differences in terms of how sheep and horses were domesticated

What is the commonly accepted goal for when lamb should be marketed from farm flocks

How do short day length, stimulate estrous activity in ewes

Short day lengths stimulate estrous activity in ewes due to the fact that as day length shortens melatonin production is increased by the pineal gland and stimulates LH and FSH to be produced

Where are most of the horse farms located in NC and why are they located there?

Near cities because that's where people that ride them live

Why do shepherds begin creep feeding lambs within two weeks after birth if they want it to be effective

their instinct to flock is at its lowest and will only increase as they get older so they'll be more willing to go to the feeder at a younger age

This three reasons that dairy production has decreased in North Carolina since the 1990s

What does DHIA stand for and why is it important for dairy producers?

List three situations in which a sheep farmer may want to use creep feeding

The lamb was weaned under 50 days, twins, or triplets, not getting nutrients from the ewe’s milk

Typical lactation curve for dairy cows

rebreed 2-3 m, dried off 10 m

There's a flock of sheep with an established social hierarchy. The owner buys a new ewe that is larger than any of the current ewwes and puts her in the pasture with their current flock.

a doe has to be separated from the rest of the flock in order to be dewormed. She is removed from the flock and placed in a small pen adjacent to the pasture that the rest of her flock is in.

There is a group of horses that have lived together in the pasture for the past five years one definitely is the dominant boss mayor. The owner buys a new marriage to ride, who thinks she is dominant and puts it in with the rest of the horses.

The new mare might approach the dominant mare with her ears pointed back indicating aggression in response. The other mare might snort repeatedly as a sign of frustration.

Rank farms from best to worst in terms of management

Dairy cattle, horses and sheep, all depend upon humans for their health and well-being based on normal management practices, rank these three from most to least in terms of how much the young animals of each species are dependent on humans from birth until they reach puberty

Other than when it first started, list three differences between sheep and goats and to their domestication

What is a free stall

where cows loaf between milking; constant roughage access, sand for utter health, gutters to collect feces

What is the main physiological difference that causes horses to be long day breeders and most breeds of sheep to be short day breeders

pineal gland registers light amount and produces serotonin or melatonin in response. Horses are more reproductive due to serotonin while sheep are more reproductive with melatonin.

You have two dairy cows: the first one produces 20,000 pounds of milk per year while the second produces 25,000 pounds of milk per year. How would their lactation curves differ?

The second one likely has a longer peak production while the first might have a higher one (longer produces more than higher in longer run)

What happens if dairy cattle don't eat enough concentrate during lactation

not enough energy / protein; will lose weight, produce less milk

What is a loafing barn?

Standard shelter, constant access to refuge, lower management of cattle

Which of the following- dairy calves, lambs, foals- rely on humans the most for normal growth and survival

Dairy calves because they're weaned at birth and must be cared for by humans

Rank the forms from best to worst in terms of management

You are a sheep management consultant. You receive a phone call from a new sheep farmer in NC. They have 150 ewes and have listed several things that they are planning to do. For each one explain to them whether this is good or bad and for the ones that are bad, tell them why they're bad and how to correct them.

A. good – breeding season starts in August, could extend longer to ensure all bread

B. bad-

C. Bad – past your quality begins to decrease around October so they should probably start around then

D. good – lamb in April, more healthy for birthing and nursing

E. bad – each lamb birthing over two lambs will likely leave them, move to pens to birth to prevent

F. bad, need to wait at least 10 days and ensure they're at least 90 pounds before marketing

G. bad – NC State trim six times a year, the more often the better to prevent foot rot

H. Bad – better to consistently check eyes and feces for parasites and only deworm unnecessary; change variant every time

Rank the farms from best to works

Rank the species in terms of the earliest to the latest to be domesticated

How do the genes on chromosomes produce the phenotypes that we see and measure animals?

Gene produce mRNA, which is transported by microRNA, which is translated into proteins which produces a certain phenotype

What is the function of the vas deferens?

transport sperm from epididymis to urethra

What is the difference between epistasis and epigenetic's from a genetic perspective?

epigenetic is a study of how certain genes can be turned off creating differences in phenotype, epistasis is a type of gene dominance where two different loci variations can create several different phenotypes

What happens to most of the follicles that start to grow on the ovaries in females?

they atricate as they aren't fertilized

List one similarity and one difference between partial dominance and over dominance

similar: both have heterozygous expressing different phenotypes from homozygous
different: partial’s phenotype is in between the 2 homozygous, over dominance is superior to both homozygous

What is the difference between an embryo and a fetus?

a fetus has a distinguish shape of newborn animal