Video Notes: Reproductive Health and Family Dynamics - Vocabulary Flashcards

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering family dynamics, reproductive anatomy, sexual health, STIs, and HIV based on the video notes.

Family as a dynamic system

The family functions as a living system that interacts with its environment, adapts to health or social changes, and develops its own lifestyle and routines.

The family as a social group

A group of individuals who interact, share values and goals, and determine how health issues are addressed within the family.

Healthy family characteristic - Communication

Healthy families communicate openly among members.

Healthy family characteristic - Trust

Healthy families develop and maintain trust among members.

Healthy family characteristic - Support

Healthy families support their members emotionally and practically.

Healthy family characteristic - Respect

Healthy families teach and demonstrate respect.

Healthy family characteristic - Humor

Healthy families share a sense of humor to cope with situations.

Healthy family characteristic - Family identity

Healthy families have a strong sense of belonging and family identity.

Healthy family characteristic - Seeks help

Healthy families seek external help when needed.

Spermatozoa

Sperm cells produced in the testes; mature and are carried in semen.

Semen composition

Semen is largely from the prostate (60%), seminal vesicles (30%), epididymis (5%), and bulbo-urethral glands (5%), and is alkaline.

Scrotum

A sac that supports the testes and regulates sperm temperature by contraction/relaxation.

Epididymis

The duct where sperm mature and travel from the testis to the vas deferens.

Vas deferens

Duct carrying sperm from the epididymis through the inguinal canal to the ejaculatory ducts.

Ejaculatory duct

Duct through which sperm and seminal fluids pass, joining with the urethra near the prostate.

Prostate gland

Secretes an alkaline fluid that protects sperm from the acidic urethra.

Bulbourethral glands

Secrete alkaline fluid to counteract urethral acidity and aid sperm passage.

Mons veneris

Fat pad protecting the junction of the pubic bone from trauma.

Labia minora

Two hairless folds inside the labia majora surrounding the openings of the urethra and vagina.

Labia majora

Outer protective folds guarding external genitalia and the distal urethra and vagina.

Vestibule

The space inside the labia containing the openings to the urethra and vagina.

Clitoris

Small erectile tissue; central to female sexual arousal and orgasm.

Skene’s glands (paraurethral glands)

Glands located near the urethra with ducts opening into the urethra.

Bartholin’s glands

Glands that secrete alkaline secretions to lubricate the external genitalia.

Fourchette

Ridge of tissue at the posterior joining of the labia minora and majora.

Hymen

Thin membrane covering the vaginal opening in childhood.

Urinary meatus

Opening of the urethra.

Ovaries

Produce eggs; secrete estrogen and progesterone; regulate the menstrual cycle and secondary sex characteristics.

Fallopian tubes

Convey eggs from the ovaries to the uterus; site of fertilization.

Uterus

Receives the egg; site of implantation and fetal development; protects the fetus.

Cervix - internal os

Internal opening at the isthmus of the uterus.

Cervix - external os

External opening of the cervix into the vagina.

Endometrium

Inner mucous membrane lining of the uterus.

Myometrium

Middle muscular layer of the uterus.

Perimetrium

Outer connective tissue layer of the uterus.

Vagina

Organs of intercourse; conveys sperm to the cervix and expands to birth canal.

Breast anatomy - lobes

Milk-producing lobes (~20) separated by connective tissue partitions.

Lactiferous ducts

Ducts that deliver milk from the lobes to the nipple.

Nipple openings

Approximately 20 openings through which milk is secreted.

Ampulla (breast)

Reservoir portion of the duct behind the nipple that stores milk before feeding.

Oxytocin

Hormone that stimulates milk ejection from glands into the ducts.

True pelvis

Lower part of the pelvis below the pelvic brim; supports birth and pelvic organs.

False pelvis

Upper part above the pelvic brim; supports the uterus during late pregnancy.

Gynecoid pelvis

Round pelvic inlet; typical female pelvis; most favorable for vaginal delivery.

Android pelvis

Heart-shaped pelvic inlet; typical of the male pelvis.

Anthropoid pelvis

Long oval pelvic inlet; present in some women; sacrum is elongated.

Platypelloid pelvis

Flat, wide but shallow pelvis; opposite of anthropoid.

Ovulation

Release of a mature egg from the ovary, moving toward the fallopian tube for fertilization.

Sexual response cycle

Four-stage sequence of arousal: Excitement, Plateau, Orgasm, Resolution.

Excitement stage

Initial stage with vasocongestion; arousal increases blood flow and lubrication; clitoral changes and nipple erection occur.

Plateau stage

Stage before orgasm with continued arousal and intensified physical changes.

Orgasmus

Peak of sexual response with pelvic contractions and expulsion of semen/fluid from congested areas.

Resolution

Post-orgasm period (~30 minutes) where genitals return to unaroused state.

Adolescent reproductive health

State of physical, mental, and social well-being relating to reproduction in ages 10-19.

STIs

Infections caused by bacteria, viruses, or parasites spread mainly through sexual contact.

Gonorrhea

STI caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae; can affect genitals, throat, and anus; discharge and pelvic inflammation are common symptoms.

Chlamydia

STI caused by Chlamydia trachomatis; can infect cervix, urethra, rectum, throat, and eyes; symptoms include discharge and pelvic inflammation.

Syphilis

STI caused by Treponema pallidum; can cause skin lesions and systemic infection if untreated.

Genital warts

STI caused by human papillomavirus (HPV); lesions or warty growths on genitalia.

Genital herpes

STI caused by herpes simplex virus 2; multiple painful shallow ulcers and painful urination.

HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus; retrovirus that damages the immune system; transmitted through blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.

Body fluids that transmit HIV

Blood, semen, vaginal fluid, and breast milk.

ABC Approach (UNGASS 2001)

Strategy: Abstain, Be faithful, Condom; with avoidance of drugs and alcohol.

Abstain

Delay sexual relations to reduce STI/HIV risk.

Be faithful

Have only one uninfected partner.

Condom

Barrier protection used consistently and correctly.

Drug and alcohol avoidance

Avoid drugs and alcohol to reduce risky sexual behavior.