cpr/aed/first aid test

"Describe the three parts of the cardiopulmonary system."

"The three parts of the cardiopulmonary system are the heart, blood vessels, and lungs."

"Explain what cardiopulmonary arrest is."

"Cardiopulmonary arrest occurs when the heart stops beating and the victim stops breathing."

"Define heart attacks and their primary cause."

"Heart attacks are caused by a build-up of deposits inside the arteries of the heart, leading to blockage and resulting in cardiopulmonary arrest."

"How does ventricular fibrillation affect the heart?"

"Ventricular fibrillation occurs when the heart is overloaded with electrical impulses and cannot generate heartbeats due to insufficient oxygen."

"List the signs of a heart attack."

"Signs of a heart attack include chest pain or pressure, pain in one or both arms, shortness of breath, and pain in the jaw."

"Describe the chain of survival in CPR."

"The chain of survival includes immediate action for victims of cardiac arrest, early access to 911, early CPR, early defibrillation, and early transportation."

"What is CPR and its purpose?"

"CPR, or cardiopulmonary resuscitation, provides oxygen to the victim's lungs and maintains blood flow by compressing the chest and heart."

"Explain the three C's in emergency response."

"The three C's are Check (assess the victim), Call (call for help), and Care (provide necessary assistance)."

"How should you assess a victim in an emergency?"

"Shake the victim firmly and ask, 'Are you okay?' If there is no response or breathing, call 911 and begin CPR."

"What steps should a healthcare provider take to check for a pulse?"

"A healthcare provider should feel for the pulse in the carotid artery by using the index and middle fingers, sliding them into the groove and pressing firmly."

"Describe the CAB sequence in CPR."

"CAB stands for Compressions (push hard and fast on the center of the chest), Airway (tilt the head back and lift the chin), and Breathing (give mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths)."

"What is the compression rate during CPR?"

"The compression rate during CPR should be 100-200 compressions per minute."

"How do you perform the breathing component of CPR?"

"Pinch the victim's nostrils closed and give 2 mouth-to-mouth rescue breaths, each lasting 1 second."

"What is the purpose of a defibrillator (AED)?"

"A defibrillator (AED) helps restore a normal heartbeat by delivering a shock that stops fibrillation."

"List the steps for using an AED."

"1. Turn on the device. 2. Follow the prompts. 3. Attach pads to the victim's upper right chest and lower left abdomen. 4. Ensure pads and cables are secure. 5. Stand clear and ensure no one is touching the victim."

"What should be done before attaching AED pads to a victim?"

"Before attaching AED pads, remove clothing, dry the chest, and shave the area if necessary."

"Explain the importance of early defibrillation in cardiac arrest situations."

"Early defibrillation is crucial as it can restore a normal heart rhythm and significantly increase the chances of survival."

"Describe the function of a defibrillator during a cardiac emergency."

"A defibrillator analyzes the heart rhythm and provides voice prompts to indicate if a shock is needed. If a shock is required, the shock button will activate or flash."

"Explain the steps to take after delivering a shock with a defibrillator."

"Immediately begin CPR and continue for 2 minutes, which consists of 5 cycles of chest compressions and rescue breaths."

"How should you respond if no shock is advised by the defibrillator?"

"Check for breathing; if there is no breathing, begin CPR and repeat the process."

"Define the pad placement for an AED when used on small children."

"One pad goes on the front of the child's chest and the other pad goes on their back."

"When should compressions-only CPR be used?"

"Compressions-only CPR should be used if you witness a person collapse and are unable to provide mouth-to-mouth resuscitation."

"Identify the situations where compressions-only CPR should not be used."

"It should not be used on adults if you did not witness the collapse, or in cases of oxygen depletion such as choking, asthma, drug overdose, drowning, or on children under 8."

"Outline the initial steps to care for a choking adult or child."

"If the victim cannot speak, cough, or breathe and is turning blue, assume they are choking. Ask if they are choking, and if they cannot clear their airways, assist them by performing abdominal thrusts."

"Describe the technique for performing abdominal thrusts on a choking victim."

"Get behind the victim, place your hands above their navel, and thrust inward and upward in a fluid motion until the object is expelled or the victim becomes unconscious."

"What is the recommended approach for CPR on infants?"

"Ask for consent from guardians; if not present, consent is implied. Use two fingers for chest compressions and cover their nose and mouth for rescue breaths."

"Explain the steps to take when an infant is choking."

"Support the infant's head with one hand, give 5 chest compressions using fingers or knuckles, then flip the infant over and give 5 back strikes, alternating until the object is expelled or the infant becomes unconscious."

"Define neurological emergencies and provide examples."

"Neurological emergencies are medical conditions of the brain that result in unresponsiveness or changes in consciousness. Examples include stroke, seizure, and hypoglycemia."

"What is a stroke and what are its potential effects?"

"A stroke is a sudden blockage of blood flow to the brain, which can lead to changes in bodily functions, including the inability to speak, move, or think."

"List the signs of a stroke."

"Signs of a stroke include slurred speech, one-sided facial droop, weakness on one side of the body, and in serious cases, unconsciousness."

"Explain the F.A.S.T. method for recognizing a stroke."

"F.A.S.T. stands for: Face - drooping or numbness; Arm - weakness or loss of control; Speech - slurred or confused speech."

"Describe the importance of time in medical emergencies involving seizures."

"Time is crucial; recording the onset of symptoms helps medical personnel provide appropriate care upon arrival."

"Explain the cause of seizures."

"Seizures are caused by an electrical misfire in the brain, leading to irregular electrical activity that can result in loss of consciousness and uncontrollable body movements."

"Define a febrile seizure."

"A febrile seizure is a type of seizure that occurs in young children due to a high fever."

"How should you care for someone experiencing a seizure?"

"Protect them from injury by keeping objects away, do not restrain them, and once the seizure stops, roll them onto their side to keep the airway clear."

"List the signs of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia)."

"Signs include headache, dizziness, confusion, hunger, jerky movements, and being combative or resistant to care."

"What is the first step in caring for someone with low blood sugar?"

"Confirm if they are diabetic by asking them or checking for a medical alert tag."

"Describe the treatment for heat cramps."

"Remove the person from heat, massage the cramping muscles, and provide fluids."

"Identify the signs of heat exhaustion."

"Signs include cool, pale, moist skin, heavy sweating, dizziness, nausea, vomiting, and a body temperature that is still near normal."

"What is the treatment for heat exhaustion?"

"Move the person to a cooler environment, loosen clothing, cool them with fans or ice packs, elevate their feet, and provide fluids."

"Explain the condition of heat stroke."

"Heat stroke occurs when the body's heat regulating mechanism fails, leading to dangerously high body temperatures that can cause brain damage and death."

"List the signs of heat stroke."

"Signs include hot, red, and dry skin, altered consciousness, and a high body temperature ranging from 104 to 115 degrees Fahrenheit."

"What immediate action should be taken for someone suffering from heat stroke?"

"Rapid cooling is essential; remove them from the hot environment and cool their body with water, ice packs, or fans."

"Define frostbite."

"Frostbite is an injury caused by the freezing of the skin and underlying tissue."

"Describe the signs of hypothermia."

"Signs of hypothermia include a body temperature dropping below 95 degrees, shivering, slurred speech, shallow breathing, weak pulse, clumsiness, drowsiness, confusion, loss of consciousness, and bright red/cold skin."

"Explain the treatment for cold skin due to exposure."

"Immerse the affected area in warm water, not hot, for at least 30 minutes until red/purple color returns and the area can be easily moved. Do not rub the affected area."

"Define hypothermia."

"Hypothermia occurs when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it."

"How should you respond if you suspect someone has hypothermia?"

"Call 911, try to get the individual inside, remove wet clothing, and rewarm them with body heat if necessary."

"What are the potential hazards to check for in an emergency scene?"

"Potential hazards include fire, smoke, flammable liquids, exposed electrical wires, traffic, and potential explosions."

"Do you act in an emergency if the scene is unsafe?"

"No, you do not act if the scene is not safe."

"What is the Good Samaritan Law?"

"The Good Samaritan Law protects individuals who provide medical care as long as consent is given or implied."

"What is Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)?"

"Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) includes items like face masks, hazmat suits, and gloves that protect us from infectious diseases."

"Explain the difference between bloodborne and airborne pathogens."

"Bloodborne pathogens are transmitted through contact with another person's blood or bodily fluids, while airborne pathogens spread through fluid droplets expelled into the air from coughing or sneezing."

"Describe the types of wounds in first aid for bleeding."

"Types of wounds include abrasions (scrapes), lacerations (cuts from sharp objects), and punctures (small but deep holes caused by sharp objects)."

"What should you do for a minor laceration?"

"Minor lacerations can be treated at home, but deep or larger cuts, those that won't stop bleeding, or cuts around the face or neck require medical attention."

"How can you suffer a heat-related illness in cold weather?"

"You can suffer a heat-related illness in cold weather if you exert yourself too much or wear too many layers, creating excess heat."

"What is the first step in the Three C's of first aid?"

"The first step is to Check the scene for hazards and the individual for what is wrong."

"What should you do if you are the one calling for help in an emergency?"

"You should either call 911 yourself or send someone else to call 911 and get an AED if available."

"What is the second step in the Three C's of first aid?"

"The second step is to Call for help, either by calling 911 or sending someone else to do so."

"What is the third step in the Three C's of first aid?"

"The third step is to Care for the individual based on the situation."

"Describe the risk associated with avulsions."

"Avulsions usually are not life threatening but carry a high risk of infection."

"Explain the steps to control bleeding from a wound."

"1. Raise the wound above the heart. 2. Cover with a sterile dressing. 3. Press palm firmly on the wound and apply steady pressure for 5 minutes. 4. If blood soaks through, apply another gauze without removing the first. 5. Secure gauze in place once bleeding slows or stops. 6. Call for help if bleeding does not stop after 5 minutes."

"Define internal bleeding and its implications."

"Internal bleeding occurs when vessels inside the body rupture into body cavities, which can be life-threatening and requires immediate medical care."

"List the signs of internal bleeding."

"1. Bleeding from eyes. 2. Bleeding from ears. 3. Bleeding from nose. 4. Bleeding from mouth."

"Explain the characteristics of first-degree burns."

"First-degree burns affect only the outer layer of the skin (epidermis), causing redness, swelling, and pain."

"Describe the appearance and treatment of second-degree burns."

"Second-degree burns involve the outer layer and the layer beneath (epidermis and dermis), causing redness, blisters, severe pain, and swelling. If the burn is no larger than 2-3 inches, it can be treated as minor; otherwise, seek medical attention."

"What are the characteristics of third-degree burns?"

"Third-degree burns involve all three layers of the skin (epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis), may appear charred black or white and dry, and can expose muscles and bones, potentially destroying nerves."

"How should minor burns be treated?"

"Flush minor burns with cool, running water, cover loosely with sterile gauze, and may take over-the-counter pain relievers if not allergic."

"Explain the importance of burn severity in treatment."

"Burn severity depends on size, depth, and location, with the most severe burns occurring on the face, neck, hands, feet, genitals, or over a large area."

"What should be avoided when treating burns?"

"Ice should not be used on burns, as it can cause frostbite."

"Describe the immediate action required for third-degree burns."

"Third-degree burns require immediate medical attention."