Chemistry, matter and lab saftey

This is a great set for first staring out on chemistry, it gives basic information before you begin harder lessons, and teaches lab safety rules.

physical science

the study of matter and energy

chemistry

The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes

matter

Anything that has mass and takes up space

What is air

homogeneous mixture

elements

the simplest form of a pure substance it can't be broken down anymore

compounds

2 or more elements chemically combined

\-can be broken down by chemical means

mixtures

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

heterogeneous

composed of different kinds not uniform

Homogeneous

the same throughout

solutions

A homogeneous mixture in which one or more substances are dissolved in another substance.

collid

heterogeneous mixture whose particles never settle

pure substance

A substance is made of only one kind of matter and has definite properties.

homogenous uniform

uniform but has indefinite properties

solid

Definite shape and volume

liqued

the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape

gas

A state of matter with no definite shape or volume

plasma state of matter

high temperature state with charged particles

what happens when a substance changes states?

it absorbs or releases energy

solid to liquid

melting

liquid to solid

freezing

liquid to gas

evaporation

solid to gas

sublimation

gas to liquid

condensation

melting point

The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid

boiling point

The temperature where substance boils or condenses

Density

ratio of mass to volume, dose not matter how much there is of object

density formula

D\=m/v

physical property

a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance

examples of physical properties

Color, odor, mass, density, specific heat, malleability, ductility, conductivity, melting point, boiling point, magnetism.

Ductility

The ability to be pulled into thin wires

Malleability

The ability of a metal to be molded into thin sheets.

chemical properties

Characteristics that cannot be observed without altering the substance

examples of chemical properties

flammability, reactivity, corrosiveness, oxidation

intensive property

sane for substance no matter how much there is ex: color, texture, hardness, Density

extensive property

a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample Ex: mass, value, energy

volume

The amount of space an object takes up

Quantitative

Data that is in numbers

qualitative

Data in the form of words and visual observations

physical change

A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance ex: state, solubility, size ,shape ( 4 s's)

chemical change

A change in matter that produces one or more new substances ex: burning, rusting, baking

beaker

used to hold liquids

Graduate cylinder

A measuring device is used to measure the volume of a liquid. very accurit

test tube

used for holding, mixing, heating small amounts

watch glass

Used as a cover or sample plate

tongs

tool used to pick up hot glassware

Erlenmeyer flask

used to hold liquids, has narrow neck to prevent splashes

scoopula

Used to transfer solids

funnel

for pouring liquid or other substance through a small opening

wire gauze

used to support a container (such as a beaker or flask) during heating

ring stand

Used as a support; Rings and clamps attach to the stand

Bunsen burner

used to heat substances

iron ring

to fasten to the ring stand as a support for apparatus

evaporating dish

Used to evaporate liquids from a mixture

googles

should be worn over eyes the whole lab

pipettes

Accurately measure small volumes of liquid (usually between 0-10mL)

Eyedropper

allows you to add a small amount of liquid, one drop at a time

hot plate

a lab tool used to heat substances

utility clamp

used to hold laboratory glassware

Volumetric Flask

used to make known concentrations of a solution of a specific volume

Filter Paper

Used to separate a solid from a liquid

sparker

used to light bunsen burner

crucible tongs

used to pick up and hold small items

test tube clamp

clamp used to hold hot test-tube

balance

measures mass in grams

ceramic triangle

A triangular-shaped device that can be placed on an iron ring to hold a crucible

what should you do before a lab?

1. Read lab the night before
2. ask questions before lab starts

when should you get help from the teacher?

1. If there's an emergency ( glass breaking, injury, spill)
2. if a chemical gets on someone

what should you never do in the lab?

1. eat or drink
2. preform unauthorized experiments
3. leave a flame unattended

3 clothing requirements for lab

1. closed toed shoes
2. wear goggles
3. tie back long hair

what should you do at the end of every lab?

clean up and wash hands

how long to use the eye wash

squeeze and run over eyes for 15 minutes

what should you do before using glassware?

check that its clean and has no cracks

what should you do before washing hot glassware?

wait for it to cool down or else it might crack.

if you are using heated glass what should you use to pick it up

tongs

what should you do if you don't finish the lab

talk to the teacher

when should Google be worn

whenever chemicals or heat or glassware is used

when should you read lab instructions

the night before

what should you do if there's a fire drill

turn of flames and cover opened containers

should solids go in the sink

NO

should you lick chemicals in the lab

NO

physical changes examples

state of matter, solubility, size, shape

chemical change indicators

color

bubbles

smoke

oder change

temp change without added/removed heat