Studied by 3 peoplephysical science
the study of matter and energy
chemistry
The study of the properties of matter and how matter changes
matter
Anything that has mass and takes up space
What is air
homogeneous mixture
elements
the simplest form of a pure substance it can't be broken down anymore
compounds
2 or more elements chemically combined
-can be broken down by chemical means
mixtures
A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined
heterogeneous
composed of different kinds not uniform
Homogeneous
the same throughout
solutions
A homogeneous mixture in which one or more substances are dissolved in another substance.
collid
heterogeneous mixture whose particles never settle
pure substance
A substance is made of only one kind of matter and has definite properties.
homogenous uniform
uniform but has indefinite properties
solid
Definite shape and volume
liqued
the state of matter that has a definite volume but not a definite shape
gas
A state of matter with no definite shape or volume
plasma state of matter
high temperature state with charged particles
what happens when a substance changes states?
it absorbs or releases energy
solid to liquid
melting
liquid to solid
freezing
liquid to gas
evaporation
solid to gas
sublimation
gas to liquid
condensation
melting point
The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid
boiling point
The temperature where substance boils or condenses
Density
ratio of mass to volume, dose not matter how much there is of object
density formula
D=m/v
physical property
a characteristic that can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance
examples of physical properties
Color, odor, mass, density, specific heat, malleability, ductility, conductivity, melting point, boiling point, magnetism.
Ductility
The ability to be pulled into thin wires
Malleability
The ability of a metal to be molded into thin sheets.
chemical properties
Characteristics that cannot be observed without altering the substance
examples of chemical properties
flammability, reactivity, corrosiveness, oxidation
intensive property
sane for substance no matter how much there is ex: color, texture, hardness, Density
extensive property
a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample Ex: mass, value, energy
volume
The amount of space an object takes up
Quantitative
Data that is in numbers
qualitative
Data in the form of words and visual observations
physical change
A change in a substance that does not involve a change in the identity of the substance ex: state, solubility, size ,shape ( 4 s's)
chemical change
A change in matter that produces one or more new substances ex: burning, rusting, baking
beaker
used to hold liquids
Graduate cylinder
A measuring device is used to measure the volume of a liquid. very accurit
test tube
used for holding, mixing, heating small amounts
watch glass
Used as a cover or sample plate
tongs
tool used to pick up hot glassware
Erlenmeyer flask
used to hold liquids, has narrow neck to prevent splashes
scoopula
Used to transfer solids
funnel
for pouring liquid or other substance through a small opening
wire gauze
used to support a container (such as a beaker or flask) during heating
ring stand
Used as a support; Rings and clamps attach to the stand
Bunsen burner
used to heat substances
iron ring
to fasten to the ring stand as a support for apparatus
evaporating dish
Used to evaporate liquids from a mixture
googles
should be worn over eyes the whole lab
pipettes
Accurately measure small volumes of liquid (usually between 0-10mL)
Eyedropper
allows you to add a small amount of liquid, one drop at a time
hot plate
a lab tool used to heat substances
utility clamp
used to hold laboratory glassware
Volumetric Flask
used to make known concentrations of a solution of a specific volume
Filter Paper
Used to separate a solid from a liquid
sparker
used to light bunsen burner
crucible tongs
used to pick up and hold small items
test tube clamp
clamp used to hold hot test-tube
balance
measures mass in grams
ceramic triangle
A triangular-shaped device that can be placed on an iron ring to hold a crucible
what should you do before a lab?
Read lab the night before
ask questions before lab starts
when should you get help from the teacher?
If there's an emergency ( glass breaking, injury, spill)
if a chemical gets on someone
what should you never do in the lab?
eat or drink
preform unauthorized experiments
leave a flame unattended
3 clothing requirements for lab
closed toed shoes
wear goggles
tie back long hair
what should you do at the end of every lab?
clean up and wash hands
how long to use the eye wash
squeeze and run over eyes for 15 minutes
what should you do before using glassware?
check that its clean and has no cracks
what should you do before washing hot glassware?
wait for it to cool down or else it might crack.
if you are using heated glass what should you use to pick it up
tongs
what should you do if you don't finish the lab
talk to the teacher
when should Google be worn
whenever chemicals or heat or glassware is used
when should you read lab instructions
the night before
what should you do if there's a fire drill
turn of flames and cover opened containers
should solids go in the sink
NO
should you lick chemicals in the lab
NO
physical changes examples
state of matter, solubility, size, shape
chemical change indicators
color
bubbles
smoke
oder change
temp change without added/removed heat
Note
Flashcard