ap pysch

Circadian Rhythm

24 hr biological rhythm. Caused by the hypothalamus, melatonin hormone, serotonin, nad body temp.

Sleep

Periodic natural loss of consciousness

What time is best for academic focus?

10 am

What time is physical performance at its peak?

5 pm

Restoration theory of sleep

Rem restores mental functions while NREM (Non-Rem) focuses on physical restoration.

What does NREM restore?

Physical functions

What does REM restore?

Mental functions.

*** Cleaning the gunk out of your brain.

Sleep deprivation

Sleep loss that:

Diminishes concentration

Increases irritability

And Impairs the formation of memories

In what stage of sleep can you move?

NREM

In what stage are muscles inhibited to move

REM

REM Rebound

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

How long does a full sleep cycle last?

90 min

What stages of the sleep cycles are Non REM

1-4

What stages of the sleep cycles are REM

5

What stage do sleep spindles occur

Stage 2

Stage 1

Beta Waves

5 minutes of light sleep

feeling of floating/falling (Hypnagogic)

may hallucinate

Stage 2

20 minutes long

Indicated by the appearance of sleep spindles

Temp, breathing, and heart rate decreases

Stage 3/4

30 min long DEEP sleep

Transforms from theta waves to delta waves

** 3 being replaced by 4

More times through sleep cycle = more delta waves

Stage 5

REM sleep

happens 4/5 times

90% of dreams occur

Helps with stress and body rebound

WHo needs the most sleep?

Infants

Who needs the least amount of sleep

Old folk

** Think wise Owls are up at night

What age does the need for a lot of sleep decrease

At ten years old hours of sleep needed per night decreases dramatically.

night terrors

abrupt awakenings with panic and intense emotional arousal

Nightmares but WAY worse

Insomnia

trouble falling asleep, staying asleep, and getting good quality sleep.

Sleep apnea

Can stop breathing while sleeping

Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks. The sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times.

Dreams

A sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping persons mind. Mostly during REM sleep.

Lucid dreams

Knowing that you are dreaming

Manifest content

Remembered storyline of a dream (Sigmund Freud)

Latent content

the underlying meaning of a dream (Freud)

Freud's wish-fulfillment theory

Dreams provide a "psychic safety valve"—expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings; contain manifest (remembered) content and a deeper layer of latent content—a hidden meaning.

Information-Processing theory

dreams help us sort out the day's events and consolidate our memories

activation-synthesis theory

REM sleep triggers impulses that evoke random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories

Eugene Aserinsky

discovered REM sleep when he hooked his son up to an EEG.

Freud

psychoanalysis --> Unconscious mind --> aka SLEEP

William James

OG (Functionalism)

Thought consciousness was a stream

Consciousness

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

Preconscious

Things easily pulled into consciousness

Memories

Unconscious

according to Freud, a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts, wishes, feelings, and memories. According to contemporary psychologists, information processing of which we are unaware.

Nonconscious

Autonomous activities

Digestion

Hormone secretion

Difference between Inhibitory and Excitatory

Inhibitory blocks

Excitatory Increases or Excites

Worlds #1 drug

Caffeine

Stimulants

drugs that EXCITE neural activity and speed up body functions

Ex. Caffeine, Nicotine, cocaine, etc

Depressants

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions

Ex. Alcohol Opiates etc

Hallucinogens

Produce sensory or perceptual distortions

Ex. MARIJUANA, DMT, LSD, SHROOMS, etc

Tolerance

bodily adjustment to higher & higher levels of a drug, leads to decreased sensitivity

** The more caffeine you take the more you need in the long run**

Dependence

Needed use of a drug to reach homeostasis

Ex. quitting cold turkey and getting shakes or other life threatening side effects

Withdrawal

the painful experience associated with stopping the use of addictive drug.

If you quit cold turkey on a bad caffeine addiction you will be grumpy have bad headaches and other side affects

Biological influence

The pattern where if you have an addictive bloodline you are more likely to get addicted to drugs due to GENETIC TENDENCIES and DEVELOPED DOPAMINE REWARD CIRCUIT

Psychological purpose

mental problems associated with drug abuse

LACKING SENSE OF PURPOSE hey why not

SIGNIFICANT STRESS Just take the pain away

PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS depression etc

Social-Cultural Influence

things such as peer pressure

Urban Environment

Drug using cultural group

Trends NIC STICK PENJAMIN

Cognition

Mental activity associated with thinking, knowing, remembering, and communicating.

Process new info

Problem solving

Metacognition

the active control and awareness of our own thinking.

We examine how we are thinking

Test ourselves to see how much we know

Aware of our biases

Confirmation Bias

tendency to search for info that supports our preconception and ignore or distort contradictory evidence. Falling in love (denying red flags)

Mental set

Approach a problem in one specific way that has worked many times before

Functional Fixedness

Thinking of things only in their main purpose

Ex. A hammer is used for slamming and prying nails

(Also a great murder weapon)

Creativity

Ability to create great novel ideas within any discipline or category.

Convergent Thinking

One solution to solve a problem

Think ideas and facts converge together to make one solution