Chapter 7 – Cardiovascular System: Key Vocabulary

Vocabulary flashcards covering anatomical terms, congenital defects, acquired diseases, and key pathological concepts from Chapter 7: Cardiovascular System.

Maintain an adequate Supply of blood to all the tissues of the body

What is the function of the cardiovascular system?

Cardiovascular system

Accomplished by the rhythmic contractions of the heart

Left to right Shunts

Name one Congenial heart, diseases

Left to right shunts

Permits mixing Of blood in the systemic and pulmonary circulations lungs become overloaded with blood

Ventricular septal defect

Name one type of left to right shunts

Cyanotic congenital heart disease

What’s the most common cause of tetralogy of fallot

Coarctation of the aorta

narrowing or contraction of the aorta

Coarctation of the aorta

The most frequent cause of hypertension in children is

Aneurysm, hypertension, pulmonary edema, thrombosis and embolism

Name a few acquired vascular diseases

Coronary artery disease

The narrowing of the lumen of one or more of the coronary arteries

CHF

The inability of the heart to propel blood at a rate and volume sufficient to provide an adequate supply to the tissues

Pulmonary edema

An abnormal accumulation of fluid in the extravascular pulmonary tissues

Pulmonary edema

Usually due to left side heart failure

Uremia

A cause of pulmonary edema

Strokes and CHF

Hypertension is the leading cause of

Hypertensive heart disease

Causes narrowing of systemic blood vessels and an increased resistance to blood flow

Hypertrophy

Hypertensive heart disease causes

Aneurysm

Localized dilatation of an artery that most commonly involves the aorta, especially its abdominal portion

Secular aneurysm and fusiform

Two types of aneurysms

Saccular aneurysm

Involves only one side of the arterial wall

Fusiform

Aneurysm is bulging off the entire circumference of the vessel wall

Traumatic aortic rupture

Potentially fatal complication of closed chest trauma

Compressions, blast, rapid deceleration

Traumatic aortic rupture are examples of

Aortic dissection

Potentially life-threatening condition in which disruption of the intima permits blood to enter the wall of the aorta and separates its layers

Atherosclerosis

Thickening hardening and loss of elasticity in the arterial wall

Atherosclerosis

Major cause of vascular disease of the extremities is

Thrombus

An intravascular clot

Stasis

A cause of thrombus

Embolism

Part or all of a thrombus that becomes detached from the vessel wall and enters the bloodstream

Fat, septic, air

Types of emboli

Mitral stenosis

A type of Vascular disease

Rheumatic fever

Autoimmune disease that results from a reaction of the patient’s antibodies against antigens from previous streptococcal infection

Rheumatic fever

What damages, the heart valves usually mitral and aortic valves

Mitral insufficiency

What does rheumatic heart disease mostly often caused by

Infective endocarditis

The development of nodules or vegetation on heart valves caused by deposits of bacteria or fungi