What causes an author to write or a speaker to speak in the first place. It's the event, the sense of urgency, the problem that requires attention right now, the argument that must be refuted, the situation that has arisen that prompts someone to create a rhetorical message for an audience.
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QUALIFIERS/TO QUALIFY AN ARGUMENT
Words/phrases we add to another word to limit our argument to avoid absolute claims. many, often, some, few, possibly, perhaps, or X is true, especially when OR I agree but only if
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ABSOLUTE STATEMENT
Absolutes are words free from limitations or qualifications, such as always, all, never, must, everyone, etc.
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CONDITIONAL STATEMENT
And if then statement that consists of two parts, the "IF\* and the consequence or result that happens “IF. . .”
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**DIATRIBE**
A speech or piece of writing that features a bitter or violent criticism or attack; a denunciation.
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**DIDACTIC**
a term describing works that have the primary aim of teaching or instructing, especially the teaching of moral or ethical principles and/or behavior. Sometimes this adjective can be used as a criticism of a speech or writing that audiences or readers find too preachy or condescending.
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**APHORISM**
A terse statement, often one sentence, that expresses a general truth or moral principle, and sometimes in a witty wisdom kind of way.
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PARADOX
**A seemingly contradictory statement that is actually true. It can be crafted with one or more sentences.**
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**OXYMORON**
a figure of speech in which two contradictory words are juxtaposed (placed back-to-back). It creates a contradictory descriptive phrase made up of just two terms
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**ANAPHORA**
This is a syntactical tool commonly used in rhetoric, so it’s a good one to know. Anaphora is a figure of speech in which words repeat at the beginning of successive clauses, phrases, or sentences. The writer/speaker makes a deliberate choice to repeat words, often to clearly link/connect two or more ideas and create a rhythmic/song-like quality that might serve to motivate an audience