Ribs and Appendicular Skeleton

Sternum

chest bone

Manubrium

upper portion of the sternum

body of sternum

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

xiphoid process

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

Ribs

12 pairs, attach posteriorly to the thoracic vertebrae

true ribs (vertebrosternal)

first 7 pairs of ribs; attach directly to sternum

false ribs (8-12)

ribs that do not have a direct attachment to the sternum

false ribs (vertebrochondral)

next 3 pairs, which join the cartilage of the 7th rib

false ribs (floating/vertebral)

next two pairs, which do not attach to cartilage

pectoral girdle

clavicle and scapula

Scapula

shoulder blade

acromium

articulates with clavicle

coracoid process

process above the glenoid cavity that permits muscle attachment

glenoid cavity

socket in scapular that articulates with the head of humerus

spine of scapula

posterior ridge of scapula

subscapular fossa

anterior surface of scapula

Infraspinous fossa

posterior, below spine

supraspinous fossa

posterior, above spine

medial border

medial edge of scapula

lateral border

lateral edge of scapula

Clavicle

collar bone

acromial end

lateral end of the clavicle that articulates with the acromion of the scapula

sternal end

medial end of clavicle that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum

conoid tubercle

A small, cone-shaped projection located on the lateral, inferior end of the bone; serves to anchor ligaments

Humerus

upper arm bone

greater tubercle

Large lateral prominence; site of the attachment of rotator cuff muscles

lesser tubercle

more medial and inferior compared to greater tubercle

intertubercular groove

groove between the greater and lesser tubercles of the humerus

head of humerus

articulates with glenoid cavity of scapula

anatomical neck

separates the head from the tubercles

surgical neck

The neck of the humerus that is prone to fractures.

capitulum

lateral condyle on the distal end of the humerus which articulates with the head of radius

trochlea

medial condyle on the distal end of the humerus which articulates with the trochlear notch of the ulna

olecranon fossa

located on the posterior side of the distal end of the humerus superior to the trochlea and articulates with the olecranon process of the ulna

medial epicondyle

medial side of bottom that bulges out

lateral epicondyle

lateral side of bottom of humerus

ulna

medial bone of the forearm

olecranon

The superior end of the ulna, the point of the elbow

trochlear notch

articulates with trochlea of humerus

coronoid process

inferior lip of the trochlear notch, articulates with the humerus at the coronoid fossa

radial notch

on the lateral side of the coronoid process articulates with the head of the radius

head of ulna

distal end of ulna

styloid process of ulna

the thin cylindrical projection on the posterior side of the ulna's head

radius

lateral bone of the forearm

head of radius

articulates with the capitulum and radial notch

neck of radius

narrowed region immediately distal to the head of the radius

radial tuberosity

medial and inferior to neck, attachment site for biceps brachii muscle

ulnar notch

depression on the medial distal end of the radius, articulates with the head of the ulna

styloid process of radius

lateral projection at the distal end of the radius

Carpals

8 pairs of wrist bones

Metacarpals

5 pairs of hand bones

Phalanges (hand)

14 pairs of finger bones; each finger contains a proximal, middle, and distal phalanx. The thumb contains only a proximal and distal phalanx

pelvic girdle

coxal bone: composed of ilium, ischium, and pubis

pubic symphysis

Cartilaginous joint that connects the two pubis areas

acetabulum

large socket in the coxal bone for the head of the femur

obturator foramen

opening in hip bone formed by the pubic and ischial rami

ilium

the superior and widest portion of the pelvis

iliac fossa

The broad, slightly concave inner surface of the ilium.

iliac crest

upper margin of iliac bones

greater sciatic notch

heart shaped notch on medial side of coxal bone

ischium

the lower, posterior portions of the pelvis

ischial tuberosity

inferior roughened surface of the ischium for ligament and muscle attachment

ischial spine

medial projection of ischium at the bottom of the heart

lesser sciatic notch

notch located inferior to the ischial spine

pubis

The medial anterior portion of the pelvis

superior ramus

flattened superior border of the obturator foramen

inferior ramus

inferior extension of the body of the pubis; articulates with the ischium

two coxae articulate

anteriorly with each other at the pubic synthesis;
posteriorly with the sacrum

Femur

thigh bone

head of femur

articulates with the acetabulum

neck of femur

between head and greater trochanter

greater trochanter

lateral to the head of the femur

lesser trochanter

medial side of femur, inferior to head

intertrochanter crest

connects the two trochanters posteriorly

intertrochanteric line

region formed anteriorly between the greater and lesser trochanters

linea aspera

on posterior shaft of femur for muscle attachment

medial condyle of femur

medial knob on the distal end of the femur which forms a hinge joint with the medial condyle of the tibia

lateral condyle of femur

lateral knob on the distal end of the femur which forms a hinge joint with the lateral condyle of the tibia

intercondylar fossa

Posteriorly, the femoral condyles are separated by a deep depression called the:

Tibia

the medial and larger bone of the lower leg

intercondylar eminence

irregular projection located between the two condyles of the tibia

medial condyle of tibia

medial depression on the proximal end of the tibia which articulates with the medial condyle of the femur

lateral condyle of tibia

lateral depression on the proximal end of the tibia which articulates with the lateral condyle of the femur

tibial tuberosity

anterior portion of tibia inferior to condyles

medial malleolus

medial bulge of tibia; ankle bone

fibula

The lateral and smaller bone of the lower leg

head of fibula

proximal end of the fibula that articulates with the posterior tibia

lateral malleolus

distal end of fibula; forms lateral ankle bone

patella

kneecap; articulates with the distal anterior femur

tarsals

7 pairs of ankle bones

talus

superior ankle bone that articulates with distal tibia and fibula

Calcaneous

heel bone

metatarsals

5 pairs of foot bones

Phalanges (foot)

14 pairs of toe bones; each toe contains a proximal, middle, and distal phalanx. The big toe contains only a proximal and distal phalanx