STRUCTURE OF A BACTERIUM AND BACTERIAL SHAPES

Capsule

Protection

Cell Wall

Shape and support

Plasma membrane

Controls entry and exit of substances

Cytoplasm

Site of cell activities

Nucleoid

Contains DNA

Ribosomes

Produce proteins

Flagella

Movement

Pili

Attachment and DNA transfer

Coccus

Spherical or sphere shapes

Monococcus

Single cell

Diplococcus

Pairs

Tetrad

Group of four

Streptococcus

Chain (coccus)

Staphylococcus

Grape like cluster

Sarcina

Group of eight

Bacillus

Rod shaped/single rod

Diplobacilli

Pairs (bacillus)

Streptobacilli

Chain (bacillus)

Palisade

Fence like arrangement

Spirillum

Spiral shaped/rigid spiral

Spirochete

Flexible spiral, often pathogenic

Vibrio

Comma shaped

Binary fission

One cell divides into two identical cells

Spore formation

Forms resistant structures in harsh conditions

Budding and cyst formation

Survival and reproduction methods

Transformation

Uptake of DNA from the environment

Transduction

DNA transfer through viruses

Conjugation

Direct DNA transfer between two bacteria