Sociology, Disaster Management, and Soil Analysis (Vocabulary Flashcards)

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering key terms from the lecture notes (Pages 1–4).

Society (Lipunan)

A group of people living together in a community, sharing culture, norms, and social institutions.

Organization

A structured group of people with defined roles and a shared purpose.

Structure

The arrangement of parts that make up a system or organization.

Government

The system or group of people responsible for governing a country or community.

Disaster Management

Coordinated activities to prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters.

Hazard

A potential source of harm or adverse event in the environment.

Climate Change

Long-term alteration of climate patterns due to natural factors and human activities.

Water Resources (Yamang Tubig)

Natural sources of water such as rivers, lakes, and groundwater used for people and ecosystems.

Mineral Resources (Yamang Mineral)

Naturally occurring minerals that can be mined and used for various applications.

Top-Down

A governance or planning approach where decisions are made by higher authorities and imposed on lower levels.

Bottom-Up

An approach where decisions are initiated at local levels and informed by community input.

Soil Samples

Specimens collected from soil for analysis of composition, properties, and contaminants.

Vibration

Oscillatory motion; in geology, vibrations are used to infer subsurface structure.

Instruments to Gather Data from Depths

Tools used to collect information about the Earth's interior or subsurface depths (e.g., sensors, geophones, drilling tools).

Mining Activities

Extraction of minerals from the Earth, often involving mining methods and equipment.

Earth's Interior

The internal structure of the Earth, including crust, mantle, and core.

Erosion

The movement of sand, soil, or rock particles by wind, water, or ice.

Weathering

The process where rocks are broken down into smaller pieces by physical, chemical, or biological means.

Ecosystem

A community of interacting organisms and their physical environment.

Biodiversity

The variety of life in the world or in a particular habitat or ecosystem.

Greenhouse Effect

The trapping of the sun's warmth in a planet's lower atmosphere due to the greater transparency of the atmosphere to visible radiation from the sun than to infrared radiation emitted from the planet's surface.

Renewable Resources

Resources that can be replenished over time, such as solar, wind, and water.

Non-Renewable Resources

Resources that are finite and cannot be easily replaced, such as fossil fuels and minerals.

Sustainable Practices

Activities that meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

Pollution

The contamination of air, water, or soil by pollutants.

Ecological Restoration

The process of restoring degraded or damaged ecosystems and habitats.