Red Meat Postmortem CRW

alright, this is not a well put together slide set at all. I wrote down what I could when she was talking and the powerpoint she posted after does not provide answers to everything that she asked. Have fun!

1. Species, specimen

2. Describe using 3 terms

3. Potential diagnosis

4. Judgement

1. Species, specimen- bovine head (jaw)

2. Describe using 3 terms- multi focal, circular, rounded, yellowish

3. Potential diagnosis- “lumpy jaw” (osteomyelitis)

   1. Affected bone (ramus) is thickened and honeycombed with grey nodular masses

   2. Result of general infection in bone following fracture of mandible or broken infected teeth

4. Judgement- local rejection- unless emaciated (usually due to long duration of disease)

   1. ABP- 2

Extra notes mentioned:

1. Actinobacillosis- wooden tongue May also see ulcers on tongue from uncomfortable movement, would need to reject tongue for consumption

   1. Thickened and very firm

   2. Abscesses or local scars on surface

   3. ± granuloma in local nodes

   4. Check lungs, esophagus, and rumen for secondary infection

2. Oral ulceration- single ulcers on tongue or mouth

   1. most commonly associated with viral infection (systemic BVD/MD, MCF)

   2. Judgement- ulcers only= local

      1. Pyrexia= total

1. Why is there a compulsory inspection of bovine lungs?

2. Describe using 3 words

3. Potential diagnosis

4. Judgement including ABP category

1. Compulsory inspection of bovine lungs- cut into lungs, mediastinum, and local lymph nodes to search for abscesses from TB.

2. Describe using 3 words- diffuse spread, pink-whitish

3. Potential diagnosis- pleurisy

   1. Tags of fibrous tissue common along the edge of caudal lungs

   2. if there is granulation tissue present along with these tags, consider tuberculosis

      1. Notifiable disease- APHA phone call

      2. Check popliteal lymph nodes- if spread to there then most likely whole carcass infected (fully rejected)

4. Judgement including ABP category

   1. Local rejection-

1. Species/specimen

2. Describe using 3 words

3. Potential diagnosis

4. Judgement

1. Species/specimen- bovine lungs- noted by divisions (lobes) in lung parenchyma

2. Describe this bovine lung using 3 words- enlarged, lesions concentrated dorsally (2/3rds of cranial and caudal lobes), yellow (bottom of the image)

3. Potential diagnosis- abscess or tumor- palpate to distinguish

   1. Lung/mediastinal abscess- single walled-off abscess should be judged on its size and feel alone

      1. Encapsulated on palpating

      2. Do not open on the line

      3. Judgement- local rejection

   2. Tumor- unlikely to see tumor this size in cattle lungs

      1. Usually very localized

      2. Randomly shaped on palpating

4. Judgement- local rejection

Extra notes:

1. Chronic suppuration pneumonia- most commonly seen cattle pneumonia

   1. Affected cranioventral parts of the lung are usually pale with distended airways

   2. Cut surfaces filled with white mucous

   3. Common condition in older cows

   4. Judgement- local rejection

   5. Check for more active focus of pneumonia in caudal lung

1. Description in 3 words

2. Potential diagnosis

3. Judgement

1. Ruminant heart- can tell from fat on surface (difficult question)

2. Description in 3 words- white, fibrinous, pink

3. Potential diagnosis- pericarditis

   1. Simple pericarditis

      1. Fibrous constrictions across pericardial sac

      2. Patchy white adhesions btwn layers of pericardium

      3. Mild lesion of no apparent clinical

      4. Cause not determined at slaughter

      5. Judgement- category 2, local rejection

         1. Because of possible bacteria

   2. Suppurative pericarditis

      1. Complications of traumatic reticulitis with wire extending infection into pericardial sac

      2. Pericardial sac contains foul smelling and pure lent or serofibrinous exudate

      3. Judgement- category 2, total rejection

         1. Because of possible bacteria

4. Judgement- category 2, local rejection

1. What is this bovine organ?

2. Describe in 3 words

3. Potential diagnosis

4. Judgement

1. What is this bovine organ?

   1. Heart

2. Describe in 3 words- yellow deposits, sticky, melts in your hand

3. Potential diagnosis- endocarditis

   1. Bacterial infection of the endocardium

   2. Valvular or inner wall

   3. Friable yellow/grey masses (vegetations form)

   4. infective fragments detach and spread to other organs

      1. right side of lung

      2. left side to kidneys and spleen

4. Judgement- local rejection- category 2

   1. If embolic- total rejection

1. Species and organ

2. Describe using 3 words

3. Potential diagnosis

4. Judgement

5. Advice to the farmer

1. Species and organ- bovine liver

2. Describe using 3 words- multi focal, round lesions of whitish color

3. Potential diagnosis- liver abscess

   1. May have few clinical signs

   2. Extension into vena cava= severe consequences with multiple septic foci in lungs

      1. Vena cava syndrome

   3. Fragments of tyre wire which may contaminate silage when infested can penetrate reticulum and migrate into liver and cause abscess with peritonitis/reticulitis

4. Judgement- local rejection

   1. Total if septic complications

5. Advice to the farmer

   1. Make sure no debris in feed

1. Compulsory inspection of cattle liver

2. Describe using 4 words

3. Potential diagnosis

4. Judgement

1. Compulsory inspection of cattle liver

2. Describe using 4 words

3. Potential diagnosis- fasciola hepatica (fasciolosis)

   1. Migrate through liver causing fibrosis and adult flukes live in large bile ducts which become thickened or calcified (pipe stem)

   2. Fluke favorite the ventral and caudal lobe- become atrophied and dorsal lobe enlarged so liver as a whole becomes rounded outline

   3. Cattle develop good immunity to fluke so may or may not be present in bile ducts

4. Judgement- local rejection unless it has systemic effects (protein deposit effects, hardened fat, emaciated, etc)

   1. Category 3 because safe for pet consumption

1. Species/specimen

2. Compulsory inspection of this specimen

3. Describe using 3 words

4. Potential diagnosis

5. Judgement

1. Species/specimen- bovine kidney

2. Compulsory inspection of this specimen- Visual inspection

3. Describe using 3 words- diffuse, raised, indentations, few little white spots

4. Potential diagnosis

   1. Interstitial nephritis- local rejection unless uremeia (tinted coloration and funky smell)

      1. results of a viral infection

      2. white and spotted in acute cases

      3. all ages male and female

5. Judgement- local rejection, if uremia then total rejection

   1. Category 2

1. Species/specimen

2. Describe using 3 words

3. Potential diagnosis

4. Judgement + ABP category

1. Species/specimen- Bovine lung

2. Describe using 3 words- yellowish, pale,

3. Potential diagnosis

   1. Amyloidosis- protein degeneration

      1. Massively swollen kidneys

      2. Color varies from yellow to orange (grey late stage)

      3. Carcass poss odematous (due to protein loss)

4. Judgement + ABP category

   1. Local rejection- total if edematous and emanation

   2. Category 3- doesn’t look nice but no issues

1. Describe the common lesions across these specimens

2. Potential diagnosis

3. Judgement + ABP category

1. Describe the common lesions across these specimens

   1. Granuloma, pale, multi focal, soft consistency

2. Potential diagnosis- tuberculosis

   1. Notifiable

3. Judgement + ABP category- total if both sides of diaphragm

   1. Sometimes partial if possible

Extra notes:

TB examination

1. inspect vertebrae, ribs, sternum, spinal cord

2. if concerned then:

   1. detain and seize carcass

   2. notify APHA

   3. take sample (retropharyngeal and broncomediastinal lymph nodes)

   4. examine all lymph nodes in detail

   5. if lesions both sides of diapgragm, seize and condemn

1. Describe in 3 words

2. Potential diagnosis

3. Judgement

1. Describe in 3 words

2. Potential diagnosis- emaciation (vestigial fat is gelatinous)

   1. Wasted carcass due to disease process often associated with edema of carcass

   2. If carcass still shows edema several days post hanging= johne’s disease

3. Judgement- total rejection- category 2

1. Compulsory inspection of bovine heart

2. Describe the lesion using 3 words

3. Potential diagnosis

4. Judgement

1. Compulsory inspection of bovine heart

2. Describe the lesion using 3 words- localized, rounded base, hard, white-cream

3. Potential diagnosis- cysticercus bovis (Tania Saginata)

4. Judgement- zoonotic- unfit for human consumption

   1. If animal is not generally infected, parts not infected can be consumed by humans after cold treatment

      1. Not exceeding -7 C for >3 weeks

      2. Not exceeding -10 C for >2 weeks

1. Species and organ

2. Describe using 3 words

3. Potential diagnosis

4. Judgement

1. Species and organ- lungs of (sheep or cow I couldn’t tell :( )

2. Describe using 3 words- red, multilobular, edges

3. Potential diagnosis- enzootic pneumonia

4. Judgement- local rejection- category 2

Sheep specimens

1. Describe the lesions using 4 words

2. Potential diagnosis

3. Judgement

4. Public health implications

Sheep specimens

1. Describe the lesions using 4 words

2. Potential diagnosis

3. Judgement

4. Public health implications

1. Sheep specimen

2. Describe lesions with 4 words

3. Potential diagnosis

4. Judgement + ABP category

1. Sheep specimen

2. Describe lesions with 4 words- fluid like, pedunculated cyst, white dots

3. Potential diagnosis- C. Taenuicollis

4. Judgement + ABP category- category 2- local rejection if 1 organ, but total rejection if whole carcass infected (diaphragm, lungs, etc)

1. Organ/species

2. Describe using 3 words per picture

3. Potential diagnosis

4. Judgement

1. Organ/species- pig kidney

2. Describe using 3 words per picture- diamond shape lesions, enlarged lymph nodes

3. Potential diagnosis- septicemia

4. Judgement

1. Compulsory inspection for this organ in a pig

2. Potential diagnosis

3. Judgement

1. Compulsory inspection for this organ in a pig

2. Potential diagnosis

3. Judgement- pericarditis- local rejection- category 2

1. Species/organ

2. Compulsory inspection

3. Potential diagnosis

4. Judgement + ABP category

1. Species/organ- pig lungs

2. Compulsory inspection- multi focal focal lesions

3. Potential diagnosis- pleuropneumonia

4. Judgement + ABP category- local rejection

1. Describe the lesion

2. Potential diagnosis

3. Judgement

1. Describe the lesion- enlarged, metatarsal area, reddish

2. Potential diagnosis- arthritis

3. Judgement- category 2- depends how many joints are effected, could be local, could be total even if 2 legs (1 front, 1 back), partial if both back or both front, anymore and total rejection

1. Species and organ

2. Compulsory inspection

3. Describe the lesion

4. Potential diagnosis

5. Judgement including ABP category

1. Species and organ- pig lung

2. Compulsory inspection-visual

3. Describe the lesion- intralung lesions, trachea infected, diffuse, modal, dark

4. Potential diagnosis- bloodsplashing

   1. Hemorrhages in lung, muscle, and other organs

   2. Seen in sheep and pigs- associated with electrical stunning

      1. Keep amperage constant and adjust voltage to pig size/weight

5. Judgement including ABP category