History Exam 1

Civil Rights Cases (1883)

Civil Rights Cases (1883)

Plessy v Ferguson

Allowed for “Equal but Separate accommodations for the white and colored races

Literacy Test

were used to keep people of color and sometimes poor whites away from the ability to vote.

Poll Tax

A Charge to Vote, if you couldn’t pay you couldn’t vote (eliminating minorities from voting)

Jim Crow Laws

Enforced Racial Segregation (Started in Late 19th & 20th Century, ended as late as 1965)

Homestead Act of 1862

Signed in 1862 under President Lincoln, this Act allowed citizens or future citizens up to 160 acres of public and provided they live on it and better it.

“Peace Policy”

President Ulysses S. Grant advances a policy to remove corrupt Indian agents, who supervise reservations, and replace them with Christian missionaries, whom he deems morally superior

Battle of Little Big Horn

The battle was a momentary victory for the Lakota and Cheyenne. The death of Custer and his troops became a rallying point for the United States to increase their efforts to force native peoples onto reservation lands.

Wounded Knee Massacre

Symbolized the ending of centuries of battles between white newcomers and natives standing up for their culture. Following the battle, less than 2% of the original population was remaining.

Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882

It was the first significant law restricting immigration into the United States. This act provided an absolute 10-year ban on Chinese laborers immigrating to the United States

“Buffalo Bills Wild West”

In 1883, a circus-like attraction that toured annually.

Tenement Housing

single-family buildings divided into multiple living spaces. Often narrow, low-rise apartments, the rooms were built "railroad style" which meant rooms without windows and poor ventilation.

Wage Labor System

exchange your time in work for Money

Political Machines

a party organization that recruits its members by the use of tangible incentives—money, political jobs

Social Darwinism

the idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better

Gospel of Wealth

those that are successful got there through hard work and following gods will

Gospel of Work

Horizontal Integration

the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same level of the value chain, in the same industry. For example, Coca-Cola merged with their competitors and smaller companies from the same niche to gain a bigger market share.

Vertical Integration

occurs when a firm does something for itself that it could otherwise procure on the market. For example, McDonalds opens another McDonalds

Knights of Labor

the first important national labour organization in the United States,

American Federation of Labor (AFL)

Replaced the Knights of Labor. Focused on the organization of workers.

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW)

labour organization founded in Chicago in 1905 by representatives of 43 groups.

Great Railroad Strike of 1877

the country's first major rail strike and witnessed the first general strike in the nation's history. 60,000 militia members sent to reopen the traffic.

Homestead Strike

a violent labour dispute between the Carnegie Steel Company and many of its workers that occurred in 1892 in Pennsylvania.

Pullman Strike

a widespread railroad strike and boycott that disrupted rail traffic in the U.S. Midwest in June–July 1894.

Farmers Alliance

an American agrarian movement during the 1870s and '80s that sought to improve the economic conditions for farmers.

Free Silver

a political movement that proposed returning to “bimetallism”: Those in the movement wanted money backed by silver to be added to the money supply, which was backed by gold. Adding to the money supply would have ended the deflation and created the possibility of inflation.

Gold Standard

a monetary system where a country's currency or paper money has a value directly linked to gold.

Initiative

means through which any citizen or organization may gather a predetermined number of signatures to qualify a measure to be placed on a ballot

Recall

a power reserved to the voters that allows the voters, by petition, to demand the removal of an elected official.

Social Gospel

Hull House

a place where immigrants of diverse communities gathered to learn, to eat, to debate, and to acquire the tools necessary to put down roots in their new country.

Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)

a religious organization whose primary purpose was to combat the influence of alcohol on families and society.

National Womens Party (NWP)

fought for Womens rights for more than a century

National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)

interracial American organization created to work for the abolition of segregation and discrimination in housing, education, employment, voting, and transportation; to oppose racism

Interstate Commerce Commission

oversee the conduct of railroads

Meat Inspection Act

prevented unhealthy meats from being sold

Pure Food and Drug Act

prohibited the sale of misbranded or adulterated food and drugs in interstate commerce

Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890)

authorized the federal government to institute proceedings against trusts in order to dissolve them.

Spanish-American War

ended Spain's colonial empire in the Western Hemisphere and secured the position of the United States as a Pacific power.

Open Door Policy

It called for protection of equal privileges for all countries trading with China and for the support of Chinese territorial and administrative integrity

Dollar Diplomacy

the practice of promising American financial support, either through federal loans or private business participation, in other countries

Rudyard Kipling’s “The White Mans Burden”

This poem addressed the United States' shift from isolationism, a foreign policy where countries keep to themselves, to imperialism, a foreign policy where countries expand their influence through peace or force.

Thirteenth Amendment

The Abolishment of Slavery

Fourteenth Amendment

Equal Protection Under the Constitution for all United States Citizens

Fifteenth Amendment

No Voting Discrimination of Race

Sixteenth Amendment

Income Tax is Legal

Seventeenth Amendment

Popular Vote for the United States Senate

Gospel of Work

hard work, thrift, and honesty all build good character and lead to prosperity