Chapter 30 Urinary Elimination

Urinary elimination

The process of releasing excess fluid and metabolic wastes

Voided specimen

Sample of fresh urine collected in a clean container

Clean-catch specimen

A voided sample of urine considered sterile and is sometimes called a midstream specimen because of the way its collected

24-hour specimen

A collection of all urine produced in a 24 hour period

Urinary retention

Client produces urine but does not release it from the bladder

Residual urine

More that 50mL of urine that remains in the bladder after voiding, can support the growth of microorganisms, leading to infection

Polyuria

Means greater-than-normal urinary elimination and may accompany dietary variations

Urinary stasis

Lack of movement

Nocturia

Nighttime urination

Dysuria

Difficult or uncomfortable voiding and a common symptom of trauma to the urethra or a bladder infection

Frequency

The need to urinate ofter

Urgency

A strong feeling that urine must be eliminated quickly

Incontinence

Inability to control either urinary of bowel elimination and is abnormal after a person achieved earlier continence

Commode

A chair with and opening in the seat under which a receptacle is placed

Urinal

Cylindrical container for collecting urine

Bedpan

A seat-like container for elimination

Continence training

To restore the control of urination involves teaching the client to refrain from urinating until an appropriate time and place

Catheterization

The act of applying or inserting a hollow tube

External catheter

Also known as a condom catheter (a urine-collecting device applied to the skin

Straight catheter

Urine drainage tube inserted but not left in place

Retention catheter

Also called an indwelling catheter, is left in place for a period of time

Closed drainage system

A device used to collect urine from a catheter

CAUTIs

Catheter-associated urinary tract infections

Catheter care

Hygiene measures used to keep the meatus and adjacent area of the catheter clean

Catheter irrigation

Flushing the lumen of a catheter

Continuous irrigation

The ongoing instillation of solution

Urinary diversion

One or both ureters are surgically implanted elsewhere

Urostomy

A urinary diversion that discharges urine from an opening in the abdomen

Stomal skin

The skin around the stoma

Anuria

Absence of urine or a volume of 100 mL or less in 24 hours

Oliguria

Urine output less than 400 mL in 24 hours, indicates the inadequate elimination of urine

Polyuria

Means greater-than-normal urinary elimination and may accompany minor dietary variations

Nocturia

Nighttime urination

Dysuria

Difficult or uncomfortable voiding

Hematuria

Blood in the urine

Pyuria

Urine containing pus

Proteinuria

Urine containing plasma proteins

Albuminuria

Urine containing albumin, a plasma protein

Glycosuria

Urine containing glucose

Ketonuria

Urine containing ketones

Suprapubic catheter

Inserted surgically directly into the bladder