Chapter 7 - International Issues in the Victimization of Women - Key Terms

Key terms from Stacy L Mallicoat's Women and Crime: The Essentials

Brothel

An establishment where people pay to engage in sexual activity with sex workers.

Deportation fear

The persistent psychological stress, hypervigilance, and chronic anxiety stemming from the possibility that an individual or their loved one might be forcibly removed from a country.

Ethnic cleansing

The systematic and violent attempt to remove members of a specific ethnic, racial, or religious group from a particular geographic area.

Femicide

The intentional killing of women and girls because of their gender.

Genocide

The deliberate, systematic destruction of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group, in aholw or in part.

Honor-based violence

A form of domestic abuse and human rights violation committed to punish a relative for perceived transgressions against a family’s or community’s code of behavior.

Human trafficking

A modern-day form of slavery involving the exploitation of a person for labor, services, or commercial sex through the use of force, fraud, or coercion.

Jail the offender/Protect the victim models

Two differing models for criminal justice

Jail the offender: retribution through punishment

Protect the victim: emphasis on victim recovery resources

Karo-kari

A term used primarily in Pakistan to refer to a form of honor killing. This practice often encompasses the murder of a female relative, and sometimes her male partner as well, under suspicion of sexual activity.

Karo: blackened man, kari: blackened woman

Las muertas de Juárez/Dead women of Juárez

A term referring to mass murders of women in the city of Juárez, Mexico, which began to receive more extensive documentation around 1993.

Machista

A Spanish/Portuguese term used to describe a man displaying sexist and hypermasculine behavior, who practices machismo, which is the cultural practice of male dominance and traditional gender roles.

Maquiladoras

A kind of foreign-owned factory in Mexico which is known for worker exploitation.

Protocol to Prevent, Suppress, and Punish Trafficking to Persons, Especially Women and Children

A legally binding UN treaty established in 2000, establishing the first internationally accepted definition of human trafficking as well as establishing guidelines for prevention.

Trafficking Victims Prevention Act

The first comprehensive federal law in the United States that addresses trafficking. This law is known for the ‘Three P’s’ approach: prevention, protection, and prosecution.

T-visa and U-visa

T-visa: An immigration visa for trafficking victims in particular to enter the United States to seek protection.

U-visa: An immigration visa for victims of specific criminal activity (normally violent crimes) in particular to enter the United States to seek protection.

Westernized

Adopting the cultural norms, behaviors, or practices typical of Northern America or Western Europe.