PLANNING MIDTERM

NETWORKS

refer to the interconnected systems structures and facilities that make up a city

buildings

structures that are constructed for a specific use or purpose

open spaces

refer to areas within a city or town that are not occupied by buildings or structures and are instead designated for public use

ancient mesopotamia, egypt, and the indus valley

where urban settlements first emerged around 3000 BC where a mix of organic and planned urban forms are displayed

wall

served as a means of protection enclosing the city and keeping out unwanted elements

citadel

typically located within the walled city and was the seat of government and military power. tallest and most fortified structure in the city

wall and citadel

two typical features of the ancient city

greek cities

utilized the grid system in planning, exhibited diversity in urban form

roman cities

displayed a mix of organic growth and planned design

medieval cities

narrow winding streets converging on a market square with a cathedral and city hall. large encircling walls were built for defense against marauding armies

grand manner

is an aesthetic style from classicism and the high renaissance. referred to as a great style or grand style

Sir joshua reynolds

popularized the term grand manner

spooked wheel

deemed to be the most perfect city shape for the purpose of military and civil defense

The city of palmanova in italy

an almost perfectly preserved example of this type of radial starburst design

rust belt

is a region of the united states in the great lakes area that experienced industrial decline and economic downturn

industrial city

refers to cities in which the municipal economy is led by heavy industries or the heavy industry is a significant impression of the city to people other than its local residents

the parks movement

based on landscape architecture and garden design

settlement house movement

ida of housing studies by jane addams more responsive and scientific

garden cities

planned in concentric pattern with open spaces self contained city with gardens separated from central city by greenbelt

ebenezer howard

A British urban planner and social reformer who first proposed the concept of garden city in his book "to-morrow: a peaceful path to real reform"

Patrick Geddes

scottish biologist, sociologist, geographer, philanthropist, and pioneering town planner who developed the idea of "regional planning"

Lewis Mumford

american historian, sociologist, philosopher, and literacy critic who wrote extensively about urbanism, the city, and technology

Clarence Stein

american architect and uban planner, who was instrumental in the development of the first garden city in Letchworth, England

The city beautiful movement

a reform philosophy of north american architecture and urban planning that flourished during the 1890s and 1900s with the intent of introducing beautification and monumental grandeur in cities

Daniel Burnham

american architect and city planner who is known for his influence on the design of many american cities

Frederick Law Olmsted

an american landscape architect and designer who is best known for designing new york's central park and for his role in the development of the city beautiful movement

Charles Mulford Robinson

an american writer and urban planner who was instrumental in promoting the city beautiful movement through his writings and public speaking

american cities

shifts slowly from concern with aesthetics to concern with efficiency and scientific management

The plan voisin

consisted of 18 identical skyscrappers which were spread out evenly over an open plain of roads and parks

doxiadis 1964

the modern city should be a combination of the human scale and the mechanical scale

Broadacre city

each house 1 acre low-density, car-oriented train station and few offices and apartment buildings are proposed

movement

a demographic and social process whereby people move from urban areas to rural areas

urbanization

refers to the concentration of human populations into discrete areas

Land use

where ubanization leads to the transformation of land for residential, commercial, industrial, and transportation purposes

urbanism

is the study of how inhabitant of urban areas such as towns and cities interact with the built environment

urban population

the percentage of total population of a country, territory, or geographic area living in places defined as urban, at a specific point of time

urban agglomeration

a human settlement with a high population density and infrastructure if built environment

urban growth

it refers to an increasing proportion of a population residing in urban areas in comparison to rural areas

pre-industrial

presence of a favorable resource base, an advance technology, and complex social organization

mercantile phase

closes the pre-industrial phase and transits to the industrial age where production system is dominated by independent artisans and small masters

The industrial revolution

change in locomotive, advances in machine production, improved transport technology, investment shifts.

the post-industrial age

period of economic reconstructing from the 1970s to the present characterized by declining industrial centers

socio-spatial structure

dominant urban form is the metropolitan urban region with redeveloped urban cores as nodes

precolonial cities

unique and indigenous, the city was a product of local initiative to serve local needs utilizing the local environment

colonial cities

begun with the rise of mercantilism reached maturity with the industrial revolution

post-colonial TW city

emerged after the independence or during the post-world war II period. increase in commercial and industrial land use due to investments by multinational corporations

false urbanization

TW urbanization is often called ___ because it is driven by demographic forces and is unaccompanied by economic growth

poblacion

urban core

barrios

rural hinterlands

laws of the indies

specified that towns should be established in vacant places or in areas where the natives allowed them

forced urbanization

spaniards urged natives to concentrate themselves in the poblacion for easier indoctrination and protection from moros

american colonial period

introduction of real estate business sparked free-for-all urban development

post-colonial urban form

characterized by rapid and often uncontrolled growth of cities, particularly in metro manila and other major urban centers

1565

the story of architecture under spain begins

Miguel Lopez de Legazpi's expedition in Cebu

ushered in an important phase in the development of architecture and urbanism in the Philippines

1521

Spaniards successfully occupied Manila. They established •Colonial Settlements •Chapels •Forts

REDUCCION

Resettle indigenous lowland population in larger urban communities so as to accelerate the process of politico religious transformation

Bajos de la Campanas

which sanctioned control of native's' everyday life by allowing the clergy to wake the villagers up each day, summon them to mass and subject them religious catechism

ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM

Concept of land as a private property and capital was introduced

Pueblos

capitals or towns

Cabecera

the core of municipality or poblacion

Barrios

adjacent barangats

Estancias

large ranches or first haciendas

CUADRICULA

A system of streets and blocks laid out with uniform precision

Central Plaza or Plaza May9or

symbolize power in the cuadricula model of planning

Colonial infrastructures

were constructed of sturdier and more permanent building materials.

Laws of the Indies by King Philip II in 1573

The laws guided Spanish colonists on how to create and expand towns in Spanish territories. It establishes the church as urban landmark and plaza public space

1571

New activities were introduced which necessitated the creation of novel institutions and characterizing urban life. Slowly a city was created in accordance with Hispanic Law and urban heritage.

INTRAMUROS

the walled City of Manila

1.2 sq. KM in area; perimeter is 3.4 KM

size of intramuros

early 1600s

Manila became the first primate city in Southeast Asia

1650

chapels or small churches in the cabecera were built to attract tenacious natives from the barrios (hinterlands) through fiestas and processions

1790s

opening of the Manila Acapulco galleon trade; emergence of semi-urban places in the provinces

1850s - 1900s

chinese dominated central commercial business districts in al settlements; commercial shops on the ground floors of centrally located houses; no more spatially segregated peripheral clusters of Chinese.; decentralized residential pattern for Spaniards

April 21

Spanish-american war begins

THE AMERICAN AGENDA

guide urban growth and physical development put more emphasis on other values such as sanitation, housing, and aesthetic improvement.

1905

Manila and Baguio Plans of Daniel Burnham introduced the City Beautiful western type of town planning

Daniel Burnham

was commissioned the by American government to plan the City of Manila

The Burnham plan of Manila

included, among others, the development of waterways for transportation.

1910

rebuilding of settlements complete with hygiene and sanitary facilities and drainage systems called sanitary barrios.

1920

Barrio Obrero or the working class district evolved as government response to the needs of low-income labor families in urban areas.

July 31, 1903, by virtue of Act No. 183

the city of Manila was incorporated Manila encompassed Intramuros, and the towns of Binondo, Tondo, Sta. Cruz, Malate, Ermita, Paco, and Pandacan. The population then was 190,000 people

Quiapo

the illustrado territory; the enclave of the rich and powerful. Also the manifestation of folk religiosity

Binondo

the trading port developed by the Chinese and Arabs

Sta. Cruz

the main commercial district with swirls of shops, movie houses, restaurants, etc

San Nicolas

also a commercial town built by the Spanish with streets of "specialized" categories (i.e. ceramics, soap, etc.

Sampaloc

centered on two churches (Our Lady of Loreto and Saint Anthony of Padua). Also known as the first "University Town".

1939, Commonwealth Act No. 457

authorized the transfer of the capitol to an area of 1572 hectares. A master plan of Quezon City was completed in 1941 by Architects Juan Arellano, Harry T. Frost, Louis Croft, and Eng. A.D. Williams

RA 333

designated Quezon city as new Capital and master planning it by the Capital City Planning Commission.

Constitution Hill

a 158 ha area in the Novaliches watershed It included a 20 hectare civic Space referred to as the Plaza of the Republic

RA 2264

local Autonomy Act of 1959 empowered LGUs to enact zoning ordinances and subdivision rules; al towns and cities required to form planning boards to craft development plans under the guidance of the NPC

1987 Constitution and Local Government Code of 1991

devolved powers to LGUs; local autonomy; developments plans under the supervision of NEDA

Phiippine Homesite and Housing Corporation

Precursor of the National Housing Authority After the war, it was up to President Sergio Osmeña Sr. (1878-1961) to rebuilt Manila and other cities devastated by the war, as wel as find housing for the families displaced by the destruction of their homes, with the establishment of the National Housing Commission (NHC) in 1945

1946

The areas called "Projects" in Quezon City were government housing projects which started to relocate Manila residents after World War I.

Philamlife Homes

icon of middle class suburbanization Master Plan designed by Architect and Planner, Carlos P. Argueles, based on suburban developments in California with modifications

BLISS (bagong lipunan sites and services)

Walk-up developments for government sector The housing development program implemented during the late '70s up to the late '80s provided for the shelter needs of low income families, freed up space and resolved the population congestion problems of urban communities.

sustenance

ability to meet basic needs

self-esteem

to be a person

freedom from servitude

to be able to choose

Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

value of all goods and services within a particular country