AP MODERN HUMAN GEO UNIT 2

When were the Silk Roads revived?

The 8th and 9th centuries

Demand of Luxury Goods

Demand for luxury goods increased in Europe and Africa, and Chinese, Persian, and Indian artisans and merchants expanded the production of textiles and porcelains for export.

First Golden Age of Silk Roads

* Came to an end after the collapse of classical civilizations (Roman and Han empires), and activity declined dramatically.

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Silk Road Background

Caravans made travel safer and more practical, and the Chinese developed a system using paper money to manage increasing trade.

Who revived the Silk Roads?

Arab merchants from the Abbasid Empire revived the land route of the Silk Roads and sea routes in the Indian Ocean.

Tang China

offered compass, paper, and gunpowder to the newly revived global trade network, and exported porcelain, tea, and silk.

Trading in Asia

* From other parts of Asia, China imported cotton, precious stones, pomegranates, dates, horses, and grapes.
* Luxury goods appealed to the upper class of Chinese society, whose members celebrated their country's newfound affluence.

Crusades

Helped expand networks of exchange, as lords and their armies of knights brought back fabrics and spices from the East

The Rise of the Mongol Empire

Europeans had not yet found a route around Cape of Good Hope (the southern tip of Africa), but had been making overland trips across Europe for many centuries other causes had as significant an impact on the expansion of trade as the rise of the **Mongol Empire**.

Lateen Sail

The Lateen Sail is a technology created for traveling across the Indian Ocean trade routes. This sail was

Important regions in the Silk Roads?

Europe, Africa, Asia, Middle East

Important regions in the Indian Ocean

East Asia, India

Important regions in the Trans- Saharan

Timbuktu and Egypt

Silk Roads Goods

Dates, spices, stones, pomegranates, sugar, slaves, silk and porcelain, tea, paper and gunpowder, horses and textiles.

Silk Road Tech

Magnetic compass, champa rice, saddles, caravanserai

Silk Road religion

Christianity, Islam, buddhism, neo confucianism

Important cities in Silk Roads

Caravanserai, Samarkand and Kashgar

Goods in Indian Ocean

Spices, cotton, high carbon steel, horses, figs, dates, silk, porcelain, slaves, ivory, gold, animal skins

Indian Ocean Tech

Lateen sail, sturn rudder, small wooden dhows, astrolabe tool

Indian Ocean religion

Islam, buddhism, christianity, neo- confucianism

Indian Ocean cities

Calicut, Cambay, Malacca, Analaysia, Iran & Egypt

Trans- Saharan goods

Salt, cotton, horses, books, gold, ivory

Trans- Saharan tech

caravan, camels & sadels

Trans Saharan religion

islam

trans saharan

timbuktu, cordoba, mali and egypt.

The negative impact of the Mongols

Brought Black death/bubonic plague that killed 1/3 of europe population and 2 million in China. They had a reputation of killing people, death, and destruction.

The positive impact of the Mongols

Brought prosperity and made trade and travel through the Silk Roads popular. Spread of Islam and new innovations and trade. Sharing of culture.

Monsoon winds

Unpredictable winds that would travel north and south through summer and winter. The Lateen sail is an invention used in the Indian Ocean that would go against the winds and could travel whichever way.

Genghis Khan

A ruthless leader in Mongolia killed many people that were in his way. Hired artisans to work in his empire instead of killing them to benefit him. Had three grandsons Batu, Hulegu, Kublai Khan.

Indonesia

Spice Island in India

Slavery in the Indian Ocean

Transported from Africa to Middle East through Indian Ocean. Slaves sometimes worked as sailors inside households or sometimes along with free people.

Malacca

Muslim city state that charged ships who passed by the Strait of Malacca and became very wealthy.

The spread of Islam through the Indian Ocean

use image as reference

$ Through Taxing Trade

Port cities like Malacca, Zanj, and Guajarat begun taxing trade through port cities which increased wealth.

Zheng He

Explorer from the Ming Dynasty that wanted to express might of Ming Dynasty and receive tribute. His explorations were controversial and soon banned due to challenging ideas of confucianism and bringing new ideas that might change Ming’s social order.

Camels and Saddles in the Sahara Desert

In Arabia, saddles were created to maintain balance on hump and see better. In East Africa, saddles were created to carry up to 600lbs of weight.

Caravans

Caravans used to bring large group of people to Oasis (water source) 7 south routes and 2 east-west routes

Mansa Musa

Mansa Musa was extremely wealthy and still the wealthiest person ever lived. He brought back Islam religion and schools and mosques.