State of Matter QUIZ

ION

atom that has gained or lost an electron

CATION

-Positive
-More protons than electrons, so LOST one or more electron

ANION

- Negative
- more electrons than protons, so GAINED one or more electron

IONIZATION

Process of losing (anion) or gaining (cation) on or more electron

ISOTOPE

ATOMS WITH:
SAME number of PROTONS
DIFFERENT number of neutrons
-changing number of neutrons

ISOBAR

- DIFFERENT number of protons (atomic number) and neutrons
- SAME mASS number


(isoBAR- gym bar) (isoBAR- mASS)

ISOMER

-DIFFERENT ENERGY LEVEL
-same number of protons and neutrons

ISOTONE

- SAME number of neutrons
- different number of protons (different

What are the two combination of atoms

IONIC AND COVALENT BONDS

IONIC BOND

-TRANSFER of electrons
-Donates and accepts electrons
-ex. Na+ Cl -->NaCl

COVALENT BOND

- SHARING of electrons to form a stable octet
-ex. H2O

MECHANICAL ENERGY

RESULT OF ACTION FROM A MACHINE

KINETIC- MOTION
POTENTIAL- POSITION (stored energy)

CHEMICAL ENERGY

- Energy released from a chemical reaction

HEAT/ THERMAL ENERGY

-energy of heat
-Result of motion of atoms and molecules
-MOVEMENT OF MOLECULES

ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Results from movement of electrons in a conductor

NUCLEAR ENERGY

energy stored in the nucleus of an atom—the energy that holds the nucleus together

ELECTROMAGNETIC ENERGY

Results from electric and magnetic disturbances
-ex. radiowaves, microwaves, infrared light, visible light, cosmic rays

electromagnetic spectrum

SHORTEST: CAN-

COSMIC
GRANNY- GAMMA
X- X-RAY
USE- UV
VINEGAR- VISIBLE
IN- INFRARED
MINUTE- MICROWAVE

LONGEST: RICE- RADIO

WAVE THEORY

Energy that travels in the forms of waves

RADIOACTIVITY

The emission of particles and energy in order for an atom to become stable

TWO TYPES OF RADIOACTIVITY

BETA EMISSION
ALPHA EMISSION

WAVELENGTH

The distance between two corresponding parts of a wave (CREST TO CREST) (TROUGH TO TROUGH)
- INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL WITH FREQUENCY

AMPLITUDE

INTENSITY of wave defined by maximal height

FREQUENCY

the number of complete wavelengths that pass a point in a given time
-high frequency= shorter wave
- low frequency= longer waves
- INVERSELY PROPORTIONAL WITH WAVELENGTH

PERIOD

Time required to complete one cycle of wave

PARTICLE THEORY

When high- frequency Electromagnetic radiation interacts with matter MORE LIKE A PARTICLE AND NOT A WAVE

PHOTON

small bundle of energy
- the relationship between photon energy and frequency is DIRECTLY PROPORTIONAL

RADIOISOTOPE

- Unstable nucleus
- formed when too much energy is produced in an atom of an isotope of particular element

ELECTRIC BINDING ENERGY

Energy needed to eject electron from atom

RADIOACTIVITY

The emission of particles and energy in order for an atom to become stable.

ALPHA EMISSION

-Atom emits particle made of 2 protons and 2 neutrons (He nucleus)

BETA EMISSION

-Electron (-) or positron (+) ejected from the nucleus
Creates small loss of mass and loss of charge
-At the same time a neutron undergoes conversion into a proton. CHANGES THE ELEMENT BUT NOT THE MASS

HALF- LIFE

the period of time required for a radioisotope to reduce its radioactivity to 50% of its strength.
- T 1/2

TYPES OF IONIZATION RADIATION

PARTICULATE and ELECTROMAGNETIC

TWO TYPES OF PARTICULATE RADIATION

alpha (helium nucleus- 2 protons and t neutrons) and beta particles (electron emitted from the nucleus)

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

Oscillating electric and magnetic fields that travel in a vacuum with the velocity of light

two types of electromagnetic radiation

x-rays and gamma rays